Structure and function of synapse in Neurons

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWrnz-CiM7A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5zFgT4aofA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOMQSK68SBU

Role of sodium potassium shunt

Role of schwann cells in neurons

Number One

Wiki

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential

From UW

https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/ap.html

Great Discussion from Harvard

http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/actionpotential_short.swf

Great lesson..so go and visit!

http://www.physiologyweb.com/lecture_notes/neuronal_action_potential/neuronal_action_potential.html

·      Note

Is this a process that requires energy?

What are the affects of drugs upon action potential?

How does myelin affect the speed of action potential?

Number Two

·      http://www.britannica.com/science/nervous-system/Active-transport-the-sodium-potassium-pump

·      http://www.britannica.com/science/nervous-system/Active-transport-the-sodium-potassium-pump

·      http://flipper.diff.org/app/items/info/3239

Interesting lab

https://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/File/pdfs/DB/neuroscience_lab/12NLCAchp10.pdf

A learned response to first fyear med discussion board..

The sodium potassium pump maintains the resting membrane potential (which is polarized, i.e. negative with respect to the outside). The definition of “hyperpolarization” is “even more polarized (i.e. more negative) than RMP”… thus an action potential is depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, then after-hyperpolarization (as the K channels inactivate). I know what you’re basically trying to say (which isn’t what the original guy asked, I think), but you’re using the wrong terminology… hyperpolarization (if you can even call that a state) is transient, the dip under the resting membrane potential after an action potential. Wow, too many parentheses.

Number Three

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwann_cell

Role in nerve repair

https://www.mpg.de/6880054/glial-cells_nerves

Journal abstract and article

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/42/9250.full

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/maderinquiry/lecture/lecture17.html

http://www.medicine.tcd.ie/physiology/assets/docs12_13/lecturenotes/DU/1_Membrane%20biology%20and%20Action%20potentials.pdf

This one is great!

http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes2.htm

..so a duck walks into a bar

http://hms.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/HMS_OTB_Spring10_Vol16_No2.pdf

http://www.deccanherald.com/content/172419/humour-lights-up-neurons-our.html

Exam on Excretory System

Then..

Next class…from Peripheral to Central nervous system

a)    Reflex Arc

b)   Messages to the brain

Last lessons Objective

·      How the body maintains homeostasis with the excretory system

2.   Kidney and renal disorder powerpoint challenge

Number Two

You have been asked to provide a simple powerpoint presentation with only three slides!

Select a kidney disease or disorder that starts with the same letter as your last name.

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/Pages/default.aspx

On the first slide, have a diagram to show where your disease takes place in the kidney and explain how the kidney should work in normal conditions.

On your second slide provide:

Picture (if possible) Symptoms and possible cures for you disorder or disease.

Make sure to include, biblio and your name on the third slide.

·      Using you nephron data sheet, you and a partner will have to label a nephron, showing all normal processes and structures.

·      You will then select a printout of a patient’s urine analysis.

·      On your diagram, you will identify where the nephron is not working and explain other possible symptoms that the patient may show.

·      other symptoms using the following links

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/urine-test

https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/urinalysis/tab/test/

http://www.medicinenet.com/urinalysis/article.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072534/

·      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mlb9Olw7tQk

·      http://www.kidneystoneclinic.com.au/laser-stone-video.html

Kidney Transplants

·      http://webcasts.umm.edu/videos/kidney-transplant-educational-video

·      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jct8X5OWTD4

Kidney Dialysis

·      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyWcEfT6D44

·      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKlY2SKi_dk

·      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfNKyPTc_6E

Last lessons Objective

·      Intro to the excretory system

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1m7egrEdk0

·      Basic anatomy of the system and parts of the kidney

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c05mJaeIQuY

·      Introduction to the nephron

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbtaxwFrzCI

2.   Pressure filtration

3.   Selective reabsorption

4.   Where the salt goes…

5.   Selective tubular excression

6.

Number

One

Step one

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hlg7oh2OcOc

Step one..to make a good coffee..you need pressure

Number Two

How that stuff is moved back into the blood

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpug9JrIkp4

getting it back

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KINOArtDeWg

Number Three

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYyJF_aSC6o

note passive and active transport!

and onto tubular..totally tubular secretion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hk3ct9mDe8Q

http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/nationalcurriculum/units/2011/7/11.07.07.x.html

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/kidney-nephron/v/the-kidney-and-nephron

Last lessons Objective

·      Review for Circulatory Exam

·      Blood Quick Quiz

·      Blood pressure verse osmotic pressure

1.   Circulatory Exam

2.   Intro to Respiration Unit: Air enters the sinuses and we begin breathing and smell.

3.   Breathing is not the same as respiration. Why?

Number

One

Videos on Respiratory System

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrDbiKQOtlU

Circulatory and Respiratory System

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fxm85Fy4sQ

Please note both form and function.

This will be important when reviewing disorders and disease within respiratory system

Number Two

How do we describe the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzXpNAEb8gU

Lung capacity in five minutes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJcAJHFqXZg

Place make sure to see how lung capacity is both a summative and subtractive value. Great area for multiple choice questions.

Number Three

Inhalation

Exhalation

Video references

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JrON_sm5gc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD-HPx_ZG8I&nohtml5=False

Please note that there is a back up response involving oxygen levels verse carbon dioxide level

Notes online

Role of Chemoreceptors

https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/respiratory-system-22/respiration-control-212/chemoreceptor-regulation-of-breathing-1039-6384/

Normal Breathing

http://www.normalbreathing.com/CO2-breath-control.php

Powerpoint on regulation of respiration

http://www.slideshare.net/LawrenceJames/regulation-of-respiration

Read on Internal and external respiration

See diagram on board for blood test question

See above

There are two types of respiration, internal and external.

Last lessons Objective

Circulation and blood pressure

2.   Contents of blood

Number One

Key points

What are the specific adaptions to supplying a fetus with blood?

What are the structural changes for

a)   the fetal heart

b)   the fetal venous system

c)    the fetal pulmonary system

d)   the umbilical cord

The mother is supplying the fetus with her blood.

Is the blood coming in as a venous or arterial supply?

How does blood contents get transferred via the placenta?

What does umbilical supply to the liver?

Number Two

·      Blood is both a liquid and a cellular tissue. Why?

·      What is the difference between plasma and serum?

·      Why can’t you directly transfer blood from on person to another.

·      The ratio of liquid to cells in blood is 55 to 45. How and why could this ratio change.

·      How do ions affect blood cells?

·      What happens when carbon dioxide when it is added to water? How could this affect blood proteins?

·      What are some of the roles for blood proteins?

Number Three

Quiz on circulatory system and basic blood notes on Friday

Chapter on Blood

Help making cue cards

https://quizlet.com/20433542/fetal-pig-circulatory-system-flash-cards/

Online References

Fetal Circulation

http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/fetcirc/fetcirc.html

Fetal circulatory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwYVPWl42r0

Blood vessels

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nren16Dsx54

10 facts about blood

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQp3XM3zugI

·      Good resources are BC provinicial exam questions.

·      Make cue cards for exam marks.

·      Next exam after spring break

Last lessons Objective

Lesson two of Fetal Pig Dissection

1.   Vitamin module

2.   Online Prescription Assignment

3.   Digestion Evaluations next week

Number One

With a partner you are to do the following

a)   Complete the worksheet on Vitamins

b)   Complete the three questions found on page 153 and 154

·      You need to hand in your own sheet.

·      Make sure that short answer questions are not replicate answers.

Number Two

You are to prescribe three Vitamins for your self.

One of the three should be a fat soluable vitamin.

You need to explain the following

Where will you find a source for these vitamins.

Why will these Vitamins help with symptoms?

Find a minimum of three references/vitamin to validate your choice.

Keep track of ingestion for the next two weeks.

Keep track of sleep hours and possible symptoms.

Hand in day after the Digestion Exam

Number Three

(1/2 of the period)

Introduction to circulatory system

Thursday: Fetal Pig Dissection Lab

(1/2 of the period)

Lesson two: The heart

Vitamins for stress and low sleep

http://www.topix.com/forum/health/insomnia/T8A31AJ3FAVL9O1HM

light and vitamin D

http://sciencenordic.com/beating-winter-blues

brain food for exams

http://www.topuniversities.com/blog/brain-food-what-eat-when-revising

Vitamin B

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ra8wspsfwFQ

Vitamins and nutrition for nursing students

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7bbg9sz_q0

Benefits of Vitamin E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfW7h_in11w

Food and Vitamins and supplements, Oh my

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9E8bUIEsIo

Quit being a stress puppy when you can run with the big dogs..

Last lessons Objective

Intro to Human Organization

1.   Epithelial Slide Worksheet

2.   Muscle Work Sheet

3.   Connective Tissue Sheet

4.   Cancer “gravy” sheet

Number One

You need to make 4 drawings

These drawing should include:

Actual size

Drawing Magnification

Defining structures

What is the function of tissue

Which organs include these tissues

·      Clues

Focus on tissues surrounding an clear space on the slide.

Notice the shape of the cell and how the nuclei are arranged between cells.

Draw only the cells around an open space, not the complete field of view.

Number Two

Muscle Tissue

There are three distinct types of muscle

Under the microscope look for bands of striation and the presence of nuclei.

Heart Muscle will be striated

Draw just a small bundle or group of muscle cells on worksheet

Help organizational notes

http://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/teaching_aids/Tissue_identification.pdf

Number Three

Power point for Human organization

(can be downloaded by googling

“Inquiry to life and human organization and powerpoint”

You tube

Human organization

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pW4mDxvDsJs

Types of Tissues

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-human-body-tissue-definition-types-examples.html

The Four Tissue types

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKWTJ3_-1E8

Connective Tissue

http://study.com/academy/lesson/connective-tissue-types-functions-disorders.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EF7LZ4X8MU

Last lessons Objective

Introduction to enzymes

1.   Inquiry based enzyme lab

2.   Lab quiz on Thursday lunch or Friday

3.   Exam on Wednesday (DNA,RNA and Enzymes)

Number One

You are provided with three protein powders, labeled as A, B, and C.

You are told that two of the powders are enzyme diastase, amylase and the third powder is a non-enzyme protein.

In two stages, you need to design a lab to decide which is the non-enzyme and then, which is the amylase and diastase.

You also need to have a control.

The substrate you are using is starch.

Your indicator is Benedicts solution that turns yellow when there are monosaccrides.

You should write up the lab using the outline in section two

Number Two

Title

Purpose

Material

Procedure (in point form)

Results Table

Discussion

To include:

·      Identify each powder and explain why

·      Discuss evidence and facts about denaturing due to   temperature

·      Discussion of possible experimental error

·      Discussion about the activity of amylase verse diastase

Conclusion

To include:

·      Hypothesis of lab verses results

·      Experimental error

·      Next variable to check

Number Three

Enzyme Lab

http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/jcarmich/101lab/lab6/lab6.html

Amylase Lab

http://www.laney.edu/wp/cheli-fossum/files/2012/01/10-Enzymes.pdf

Amylase lab

https://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/Secondary/Science/Software/ModularScienceForAQA/Samples/Samplematerial/mod_sci_aqa_trp.pdf

Distinct questions to answer in your discussion

·      What is the difference between using Iodine verses Benedicts solution?

·      Which enzyme would be subject to denaturing and why?

Last lessons Objective

Cell Biology Exam

Structure and function of DNA

1.   Three steps of Replication

2.   Three steps of Transcription

3.   Three steps of Translation

Number One

This is part one of your study guide

On a legal piece of paper either staple or draw the three steps of replication

Step one

Unwind the DNA

·      Which enzyme is involved in unwinding the DNA?

·      Which enzyme “unzips” the DNA?

·      Where is this process occurring?

·      What building blocks are required?

·      What chemical bonds are being broken

·      How is the supercoiled molecule unwound?

·      What is the role of 5 to 3 ends of DNA?

Step Two

Making a copy of nucleotide chain

·      What is the job of rna primase?

·      What is the role of a primer

·      What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand?

·      Which enzyme is involved?

·      What chemical bonds are being made?

·      Is there a possibility for error and what would that error be called?

·      Are nucleotides added in a particular fashion?

Step Three

Stick the nucleotides together and prepare of cell division

·      Which enzyme is involved?

·      What chemical bonds are being made?

·      What is a Okazak fragment?

·      What is different in binding of nucleotides when you compare leading strand to lagging strand?

·      Are there different types of primase? Why?

·      After replication, what is the “ploidy

·      What is the role of replication and how is it linked to the functions of DNA?

Online references notes

Basic Replication

http://www.dnareplication.info/stepsofdnareplication.php

Replication with leading and lagging

http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/molecular/dnareplicationandrepair/section1.rhtml

Replication and enzymes (most thorough)

http://study.com/academy/lesson/dna-replication-review-of-enzymes-replication-bubbles-leading-and-lagging-strands.html

Number Two

Steps of Protein Synthesis

Two steps:

Transcription   (making rna in nucleus)

Translation     (making protein in cytoplasm)

Consider the following:

·      Transcription is similar to replication in that you are following a similar series of step to make a copy of the DNA sequence

·      Translation is taking a single strand of RNA and translating that code so that a protein can be made with all amino acids linked in a specific order.

Steps of Transcription

Initiation

Elongation

Termination

The basics of transcription

http://plato.acadiau.ca/courses/biol/Microbiology/Transcription.htm

More than basics of transcription

http://www.ck12.org/biology/Transcription-of-DNA-to-RNA/lesson/Transcription-of-DNA-to-RNA/

Quiz on transcription

https://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter15/stages_of_transcription.html

Number Three

Initiation

Focus Questions:

·      What genetic material is involved in this process?

·      Where is it occurring?

·      What molecule has the code for Protein?

·      What protein structure helps to translate the sequence?

·      What genetic material transports amino acids?

·      Is there a code to initiate the process of translation?

Elongation

Focus questions:

·      What protein structures are being used to combine amino acids.

·      Is there a code to start and stop protein elongation?

Termination

Spark Notes

http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/molecular/translation/section3.rhtml

Study com with video and quiz

http://study.com/academy/lesson/translation-of-mrna-to-protein-initiation-elongation-termination-steps.html#lesson

Carleton U Microbellife page

http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/genomics/translat.html

Unwind, copy, rewind for Replication

Initiate, Elongate,Terminate for protein synthesis

1.   Osmosis Lab Quiz and DNA

2.   DNA structure

3.   DNA function

2.   Review DNA Structure and Function

3.   DNA Replication

Hope it was a pleasant experience!

Two

Key Points

1.   “DNA is a molecule that has a structure that allows both for integrity and diversity”. Can you explain why?

2.   “DNA” is a super coiled molecule” Can you explain why?

3.   “Structure of DNA is suited to it’s three primary functions” Can you explain why?

Three

Visualizing DNA Replication

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqESR7E4b_8

1.   To make a “replica” is to make an exact copy. Here are some question to focus your attention.

·      When and why does a cell have to make a copy of it’s DNA?

·      What are the specific steps of DNA replication?

·      What protein structures are involved with insuring that this process occurs without error?

·      When could an error occur with DNA code sequence?

·      What building blocks are required for replication to occur?

Your mission:

Create a flow chart

The flow chart should include:

a)   each step of replication

b)   each protein (enzyme) and label it’s function

c)    A diagram showing what is occurring on the strand of DNA

d)   Label what chemical bonds are broken

e)   Label what chemical bonds are made

f)     You can cut and paste information from net if you show where information is from.

Mader “Inquiry to life” Chapter 24 (section 24.1)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKubyIRiN84

Amoeba Sisters on DNA and replication

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qSrmeiWsuc

Crash course on DNA and replication

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kK2zwjRV0M

Bozeman Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBmO_rmXxIw

DNA Notes

Spark Notes

http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/molecular/dnareplicationandrepair/section1.rhtml

Lecture on DNA and Replication

http://www.uic.edu/classes/phar/phar331/lecture4/

Teacher “Mrs McComas” DNA Notes

http://kmbiology.weebly.com/dna-and-dna-replication—notes.html

Yes..this is for marks!