" The Big Picture!" by Mr C

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Archive for November, 2017

29
Nov

Bio 11 Cheat Sheet template

Bio 11 :

 

Outline to make a viable “resource” sheet for Bio 11

 

  • Take this information and put into a landscape format so you have more room to write down information.
  • Use both written and drawn diagrams to explain information.
  • Use colour coding to identify facts.
  • Always use an example to explain concepts in vocab.

 

Good luck!

 

 

Topic Questions Fill in for answer
DNA How would you label a DNA molecule?

 

Look for :

What is a nucleotide?

Where are the sugar and phosphates?

What is a nitrogen base?

Which nitrogen bases link up?

When making a protein from DNA, what is the sequence?

What would a copy of DNA look like for mRNA.

 

If you had a table with tRNA code, how would that transcribe into a sequence of amino acids

If you had a sequence of DNA, how could you make a sequence of mRNA and then using a tRNA table find out the final amino acids in a protein.

 

What are three functions of DNA?

 

 Include a copy of DNA drawing with labels
Evolution Homologous structures are the result of what processes in evolution?

What is a vestigial structure?

What are the four types of indirect proof and how would similar genes be used to show evolution?

 

Define: (always have an example)

Convergent evolution

Divergent evolution

Gradualism

Punctuated evolution

Adaptation

Evolution (4)

Genetic drift

Gene flow

Mutation

Natural selection

Speciation

 

Which two scientists published the idea of natural selection?

How why genetic drift, natural selection and gene flow all depend upon mutations.

 

Explain how reproductive isolation is different than geographic isolation.

 

Using a graph, can you explain and give an example of how gradual change is different than punctuated equilibrium?

 

  
Taxonomy What is the correct order (going from least to most specific classification) in biology?

 

In a binomial name, the first and second name signify what terms in Taxonomy?

 

How can you use the classification terminology (KPCOFGS) to see which species may be closer related?

 

 

Vocab (include examples)

·      Heterotrophic

·      Autotropic

·      Eukaryote

·      Prokaryote

·      Taxonomy

·      Monera

·      Fungi

·      Plantae

·      Animalia

 

  
Chapter One review What are the four theories all about?

·      Cell Theory

·      Gene Theory

·      Biogenesis Theory

·      Evolution

 

What is a hypothesis?

·      Is it a concept supported by experiments?

·      A result of deductive reasoning?

·      A tentative explanation of the results of an experiment?

·      A tentative explanation of observed phenomena?

 
posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven,Biology Eleven Notes and have No Comments
23
Nov

Bio 11 Test 2 (Taxonomy,Evolution and DNA) Review

Bio 11 DNA, Evolution and Taxonomy Review

 

 

Chapter Topic Question
7 Taxonomy ·      The science of naming organisms is called ___ and was invented by ___/

·      What is the correct order for taxa from least to most specific characteristics?

 

·      In the classification of human’s, the term is “homo sapiens”, what do the two words represent in regards to taxonomy?

 

·      Of the following words: kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus and species, which are closely related

 

·      If two organism’s have the same name in their binomial name, then they are in the same?

 

 
    Organism’s can sometimes be classified by their metabolism or cell structures.

Can you define and give examples for:

·      Prokaryotic

·      Eukaryotic

·      Heterotrophic

·      Autotrophic

 

·      If an organism is unicellular and has no nucleus it could be classified as belonging to which kingdom?

 

 

·      If an organism is 15 microns in diameter, and has chloroplasts, which kingdom would it belong to?

 
    Can you compare:

·      Cell theory

·      Gene theory

·      Biogenesis theory

·      Evolutionary theory
2 and 3 Evolution ·      Traits that make a species better suited for a way of life are called a _____

·      How many definitions are there to describe evolution and what are they?

 
  Direct Proof ·      How could fossils be linked to homologous, analogous and vestigial structures?

 
     
  Indirect Proof ·      How are homologous structures formed?

 

·      How could a vestigial structure be formed and why would snakes have hips?

 

 

·      Can you use specific examples to discuss homologous, analogous and vestigial structures?

 

·      What is the difference between and homologous and an analogous structures?

 

 

·      A wing of a bird and butterfly are what type of structures?

 

·      If the sequence of nitrogen bases in humans is similar to a chimpanzee, what kind of indirect evidence could this be?

 

 

·      If different species show similar traits to suit a specific environment, what type of evolution could this be?

 
3 Evolution mechanisms ·      What is gradualism?

·      What is punctuated equilibrium and what would be an example?

·      How is divergent evolution and natural selection linked to the population of finches in the Galopagos Islands?

 
See worksheets and text DNA ·      What is a nucleotide?

·      What are the four bases found in DNA and which binds to the other?

·      What is different in RNA in reference to type of sugar, bases and structure when comparing it to DNA?

·      What are the three building blocks of DNA?

·      Can you label a drawing of DNA?

·      What is the order of flow of information regarding: proteins, genes, DNA and RNA?

 
  Interpreting sequences of DNA ·      Can you use a genetic code codon, anticodon and t rna table to translate a sequence of code?

 

·      Current definitions include what term and why did Darwin not include this idea in his theory?

 
  Fill in the blank words ·      Genetic drift

·      Genetic pool

·      Gene flow

·      Mutations

·      Non random mating

·      Adaptive radiation
posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven,Biology Eleven Lesson Outline and have No Comments
23
Nov

Bio 11 Evolution Review

Bio 11 Evolution Review

 

 

Chapter Topic Question
1 Cells ·      Why is a cell considered to be the fundamental unit of life?

 
    ·      If the theory of abiogenesis was true, then spontaneous generations would come from where?

 
  Review cheat sheet

 

 Use these questions to make an efficient cheat sheet. Remember..adapt or die!
2 Adaptions ·      What do desirable adaptions allow a species to do?

·      Variations in a population are usually the result of what?

·      What is an inheritable trait?

·      What is a species and how is it formed?

 
  Fossils ·      What two species could be an example of a grassland animals in two different geographic zones that look similar and that show convergence? Think of pouches and antlers.

 
  Indirect proof ·      If chicken embryo’s look like rabbit embryo’s then what is the indirect proof to show these two species may be related?

·      What is the concept of biochemical evidence based upon?

 
    ·      How does sexual reproduction help evolution verses asexual reproduction?

( which makes more diversity/)

·      What is an isolation barrier that cannot be overcome?(see above)

 
3 Evolution mechanisms ·      What is the basic meaning for the term “evolution’?

·      What is “fixity of species”?

·      What was the original source of variation within the English peppered moth?

·      If an inheritable variation produces a structural or physiological adaption, what must that adaption allow the species to do?

 
  Lamarck ·      What are Lamarck’s two laws?

·      What words would be used in a question that would show consistency with Lamarck

·      What is the majour weakness in Lamarck’s theory?

 
  Darwin ·      In Darwin’s theory of evolution, what source of change did Darwin not use nor was he aware of?

·      Why would the word’s “survive and produce” be associated with Darwin’s arguments about the mechanisms for evolution.

·      In Darwin’s theory, what is the force with changes the species trait like the long neck of a giraffe?

·      What is not explained in Darwin’s theory of evolution?

·      In Darwin’s first portion of his argument what concept did he borrow from Malthus?

·      You need to know all six steps of Darwin’s argument and show examples.

·      Can you compare statements that would support or challenge both Darwin and Lamark’s theories of evolution.

 
  Fill in the blank words ·      Adaptive radiation

·      Isolation mechanisms

·      Failure to adapt results in…?

·      Fossil

·      Homologous

·      Analogous

·      Vestigial

·      Convergence

·      Divergence

·      Artificial selection

·      Natural selection

·      Fixity of species

 
  Short Answer Topics 1)   What are four categories of indirect or direct evidence. (Describe and discuss)

 

2)   What are five reasons why fossil records are sometimes difficult to interpret.

 

3)   Using the concept of speciation, isolation mechanisms and Darwin’s theory, explain why there are 14 species of finches in the Galopagos Islands.
posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven,Biology Eleven Notes and have No Comments
21
Nov

Bio 12 Review Questions for Chapter 3 and 4 exam

Bio 12 Cell Biology and Membrane Review

 

 

Topic Subtopic  
Cell Biology Energy ·      Which organelle is linked to cellular respiration.

·      What does it need?

·      What products are made?

·      Which organelle oxidizes glucose?

·      How is a mitochondria linked to prokaryotic cells?

 
  Plant Cells What process is linked to:

·      Cell walls

·      Making sugar

·      Storing water

·      What organelles or structures are unique to just plants?

·      How could you identify a chloroplast in a group of organelles diagrams?

 
  Making Protein ·      What type of molecules are made in the RER.

·      What structure can be used to identify RER?

·      How could you identify proteins used for within the cell verses being made to leave the cell?

·      Which leaves the nucleus, DNA or RNA and why?

 
  Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton ·      What is role of cytosplasm and cytosol?

·      What is the role of cytoskeleton?

·      How is protein structure linked to cytoskeletons?
  Making lipids ·      What type of molecules are made in the SER

·      What are two functions of the SER?

·      Would SER make both hormones and detox what enters a cell?

·      How is the SER linked to cholesterol?

·      Do SER modify and activate hormones?
     
  Eating cells ·      What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
  Vesicles and cells ·      What is the role of endocytosis

·      What is the role of exocytosis
  Packaging ·      What type of molecules leave the cell inside vescicles?

·      Looking at a cell diagram, how could you distinquish between ER and Golgi?
    ·      How does a lysosome digest what is inside a vesicle?
  Information ·      What is the distinction between nucleus and nucleolus?

·      What process is linked to the nucleolus?

·      What process is linked to the nucleus?
  Microtubules, filaments and more ·      Which filament has a 9+2 pattern?

·      Which filament has a 9+2 pattern?
  Cell behavior Which solutions cause a cell to:

a)   shrink or creanate?

b)   swell or burst?

c)    stay the same?

 
  Cell Metabolism ·      What is the sequence to make, package and then release a vesicle?

·      Which organelles require hydrolytic enzymes?

·      What structures are found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

 
Membranes    
  Structure ·      What are the main molecules found in a cell’s membrane?

·      Which are hydrophobic?

·      Can you identify structure of a cell membrane using a diagram of the cell membrane?

·      Are cell membranes found is just plant or animal cells?

·      What is the purpose of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

 
  Diffusion and osmosis ·      How can you use a “u” tube to describe movement through a semi permeable membrane?
  Passive ·      What are some example of facilitated or passive moment across a cell membrane.

·      What are two characteristic about passive transport that are different that active transport

 
  Active ·      How does the thyroid gland get such a high level of Iodine within the cells of that gland?

·      Which molecules are actively transported across a membrane?

·      Can you label and discuss the sodium potassium shunt?
  Integration Questions How is hydrostatic pressure related to osmotic pressure?

 

What are the relationships both in structure and function of SER and the Golgi Apparatus?

 

What organelles could be linked to the following cells and why:

·      Thyroid gland

·      Muscle cell

·      Photosynthetic cell

·      Gland cell

·      Neuron

 

What multiple mechanisms are involved in the movement of:

·      Water

·      Sodium ions

·      Amino acids

 

 

What are three ways that active transport differs from diffusion across a cell membrane?

 

What would happen if you put a saltwater fish egg into fresh water?

 

Why would you store a marine invertebrate in fresh water?

 

How would you know if a human was drowned in fresh water or salt water if you looked at their lung cells?

 

What is the difference between a semipermeable membrane and a selectively permeable membrane.

 

How could you make a semipermeable membrane work faster?
  Vocab Check Can you identify or match structures with functions.

·      Nucleus

·      Nucleolus

·      RER

·      SER

·      Golgi Apparatus

·      Cilia

·      Polysome

·      Basal Body

·      Flagella

·      Cilia

·      Centriole

 
Format Multiple Choice Diagrams and statements

Problem solve with tonicity

Sequence of events

Labeling cellular structures
  Short Answers Comparison questions

Predictions with solutions
  Matching Structures with functions.

 

 

posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology 12,Biology Twelve Notes and have No Comments
20
Nov

Bio 11 (2017-2018) DNA Nov 22

Bio 11 (2017-2018) DNA                                      Date Nov 22nd

 

 

Last lessons Objective

 

 Quiz Feedback

Reference to Online notes

 

 Evaluation
Today’s Objectives 1.   Two evaluations

2.   DNA

3.   Protein Synthesis

o

  Work sheet
Topic

Number One

 Is anyone reading the notes?

Common mistakes on evaluations.

See reference file for prep for Test One

 

  Search DNA notes at “big picture”
Topic

Number Two

  

DNA

Having a code

 

Evolution, mutations and melanin pigment.

 

Amoeba Sisters on DNA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_POdWsii7AI

 

Ameoba Sisters and DNA replication

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yG-gkgOokA

 

Create a comparative table to compare

a)  DNA verse RNA

b)  Replication verse making protein

c)   Transcription verse translation

 

Compares

·      Transcription to translation

·      Codon to anticodon

·      DNA verses RNA

·      Point mutations verses chromosome alterations

 

The idea of the “Gene” ( One gene to one protein model)

 

Link to gene flow, gene frequency and gene pool (topic for next class)

 
Topic

Number Three

 Evolution of the Blank ( Due next week)

 

 
Text book Ref

 

 Chapter 2 and 3 and Chapter 5

 

 
You tube Reference Natural Selection Rap

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irrKFXCoi0A

 

Artificial Selection Rap

https://www.brainpickings.org/2013/06/14/the-rap-guide-to-evolution-baba-brinkman/

 
Take Home Message A theory is a form of an objective argument based upon evidence that is usually used to support a hypothesis that has been replicated in a variety of formats.

 

Theories can change with time and they are not facts.

 

To create a logically sound argument, it is wise to examine objective evidence that both supports and argues the premise that you are defending.

 

Do not go into a battle of wits with an unarmed opponent.
posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven,Biology Eleven Lesson Outline and have No Comments
20
Nov

Bio 11 (2017-2018) HW Equation Nov. 20

Key Topic
Gene Frequency Example tongue rolling Test on Friday

Evolution of blank
·      Vocab development

Gene pool

Genetic drift

Allele

Allele frequency

Hetero and homozygous

Phenotype

Genotype

Punnet square

 
·      Allele is a symbol to show a trait (ie tongue rolling) Hardy Weinberg formula
·      Definition for evolution is

A change in gene frequency in a population.

How do you find this out?
·      Tongue rolling explain (use the board)

·      An allele is a letter to signify the presence or lack of presence of a trait.

·      Populations include a variety of traits. Some can be detrimental.

·      The HW equation can be used to predict the affect of frequency within a population.

 Show symbol to explain phenotype verse phenotype
·      Basic video

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab8/hardwein.html

 
Big Point

 

The sum of P and q always one to denote the complete population

 ·      Terminology

P is a letter to denote having the trait.

Q is a letter to denote not having the trait.

·      Punnet squares show probability.

·      (P+Q) squared is

P (squared) +2PQ and Q(squared)

 

 
·      Why use the formula genotype
·      Tricks to solve problem.

a)   format

b)   sample question

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35NTHrA3MVY

 

 9:35

 
·      So take home?

·      Vocab and numbers

 
·      Careful about purebred and codominant and incomplete dominance Can you use a punnet square or a work sheet?
Home work

“Germanna : Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium)

 Answers on last sheet.

 
What are some practical applications of the HW equilibrium

 

https://prezi.com/kqqm2wrjoy8l/population-genetics-practical-applications-of-hardy-weinberg-equation/

 
Examples

Online rf

https://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xPkOAnK20kw/maxresdefault.jpg&imgrefurl=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DxPkOAnK20kw&h=720&w=1280&tbnid=vvH4NUO13nXaBM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=231&usg=__5MDySOmlvG1F8gP-xkmLkvvk7Kc%3D&vet=10ahUKEwiCyr6N2c3XAhUK8GMKHZIxC14Q9QEILDAA..i&docid=zMAnML87Jh9z1M&client=safari&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiCyr6N2c3XAhUK8GMKHZIxC14Q9QEILDAA

 

 

https://78bbm3rv7ks4b6i8j3cuklc1-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/hardy-weinberg-equilibrium.pdf

 

 

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/her/heredity-and-genetics/v/hardy-weinberg

 

What are the five conditions that create HW in equilibrium?

 
Consider the following

 

If population is in equilibrium, will evolution be occurring?

 

How would allele frequency change if an allele is being favoured?

 

What would be the affect of changes in birth rate, migration,

 

How could HW Equation be linked to Sickle cell anemia

 
Options for learning how to use formula

a)   plug and play

b)   problem solve with partners

c)    work with problem sheet
Take home?

Change in gene frequency

How that occurred?

Integration curve with theory

Affect of population changes linked to HW
posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven,Biology Eleven Lesson Outline and have No Comments
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