Last lessons Objective

GAP Notes chapter 3 (History of theory)

Baba Berkman peer reviewed Rap Song on Evolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROgR3nK6ayk

o  What makes a “good” argument?

o  Comparing Darwin to Lamarck

o  Comparing Natural to Artificial Selection

Number One

Example: “This is a good song”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEI4qSrkPAs

Question One: What makes a good song?

·      Snappy lyrics that make no sense!

·      Repeating musical pattern!

·      Hidden innuendo in song!

Question Two: What if we compare same song but two different versions?

Performace..

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM

Feedback…too intense..another artist please..revision

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM

Question Three:

Why should anyone get a dog?

Make a Pro and Con Table

Pro                               Con

Companionship         Responsibility

Exercise                       Expensive

Release Stress             Allergies

Use following data to generate a if and then statement

Example

A then B

If our family wants to live happy, then we

should reduce stress.

B then C

A way to reduce stress is to interact a dog.

A then C

If our family wants to live happy, then we should get a dog!

Number Two

So whose theory did Darwin argue with?

Darwin verse Lamarack

Darwin’s argument

A yahoo version

https://ca.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081117214639AAYoR72

An more academic version

http://www.plosin.com/work/OneLongArgument.html

Lets revise..and simply

If a population grows without any limiting factor is grows at a geometric rate.

Geometric growth leads to over population

Yet there is no over population and this is due to “a struggle for existence” ( related to economics idea by Malthus)

Part two

With a population, the is a diverse range of how a trait is shown. (think about a litter of puppies).

Those traits that allow the species to survive, are passed onto the next generation.

The mechanism that select which traits are passied onto the next generation is a natural selection.

Note..”survival of the fittest” was not first written by Darwin.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_of_the_fittest

Also

Wallace also noticed a selection process by natural sources in his collection of animals.

http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/index1.htm

The main focus of Darwin’s argument was to challenge Lamarck’s idea that individual species changed with time due to use and disuse of traits.

He used fossil records and data acquired in his five year voyage to propose “the origin of the species”.

In regards to his interpretation of changes in beak structure of finches, we should not that

Each island had limited predation, a unique habitat that created a variety of food sources. These factors within the environment were used to support his argument.

Lamarck

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_09

http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/evolution/lamarck/section2.rhtml

http://necsi.edu/projects/evolution/lamarck/lamarck/lamarck_lamarck.html

Darwin Verses Lamarck

Powerpoint

http://www.powershow.com/view/3fa45-YTgyN/Darwin_vs_Lamarck_powerpoint_ppt_presentation

Comparison Table

http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/lessons/ev.mech.pdf

Focus Questions:

Is a theory a fact?

How does the scientific method provide structure to create a theory?

How are direct and indirect evidence used to replace an actual experiment that validates Darwin’s ideas?

Is there a way to create an experiment that could validate the mechanisms of evolution?

For Darwin, what selects a trait?

How does this differ with Lamarck?

What is a common missing factor that both Darwin and Lamarck did not know about?

How could you disprove Lamarck idea of an acquired characteristics?

Number Three

Natural Selection

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection

answering question about natural selection

http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/futuyma.html

Note:

This is not a proof that changes occur with time, it is a proposal of the mechanism as to why things change with time.

Artificial Selection

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_selection

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_30

Case study on Moths (Natural Selection)

Page 96 in Nelson Text

Answer all question and put into green duotang

Case study DDT ( Artificial Selection)

Page 101 in Nelson Text

Answer all questions and put into green duotang

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irrKFXCoi0A

Artificial Selection Rap

https://www.brainpickings.org/2013/06/14/the-rap-guide-to-evolution-baba-brinkman/

Theories can change with time and they are not facts.

To create a logically sound argument, it is wise to examine objective evidence that both supports and argues the premise that you are defending.

Do not go into a battle of wits with an unarmed opponent.

Last lessons Objective

Fossils and changes with time

1.      Isolation mechanisms (5)

http://abacus.gene.ucl.ac.uk/jim/Sp/isolmech.html

2.     Directional Change

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-directional-selection-examples-definition-graph.html

3.     Non Directional Change

http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/888/1/Basic%20Patterns%20of%20Evolution%20-%20formatted.pdf

Number One

Question:

What can separate one species from reproducing with another species?

What “barriers” between species can be crossed?

What is an example of a “boing” situation?

Using the hand out on snails, can you give examples for 4 isolation mechanisms in other species.

Number Two

Note

1.   Record data on graph with family number

2.   Connect related family tree names.

3.   No graph line can go vertical. Why?

4.   Plates on the teeth are linked to types of food the elephant can eat.

5.   How is this related to the evolution of the elephant?

Number Three

Directional Change is a slow and gradual change. An example is the case study of evolution of the horse.

In the elephant lab there is both directional and nondirectional change.

How are these changes related to isolation mechanisms?

Make key for next class

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jw8UGcRCxR0

Family tree history of elephants

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdzXQOBg9Ng

Elephant Evolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utNxHs6ghSw

Using teeth to explore evolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDIBtP85F3c

Some changes may be linear and other may branch. Why?

Why would a wooly mammoth not survive if it was genetically engineered today?

Last lessons Objective

Classification and Taxonomy

1.   Direct Evidence (Fossils)

2.   Indirect Evidence (4 types)

3.   Isolation Mechanism and Evolution

Number One

Question: What organism are these bones from?

Using a skeleton of a limb, how can we observe some evidence of an animals structure and function?

What structures are in the limb?

Refer to class notes posted at web blog.

Problems with fossils

Type of soil : Usually sandstone or limestone.

Types of fossils (3)

Petrified

Imprint

In resin

Type of material to fossilize ( hard verses soft)

Amount of fossil remains

Movement of fossils due to predation

Movement due to local geological or environmental   change

Movement due to earthquakes

Movement due to plate tetontics

BBC information on fossil records

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/common_systems/growthrev1.shtml

Sample of some problems with fossils

http://www.evolutionnews.org/2015/01/problem_5_abrup091141.html

How things work (Problems with fossils)

http://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-bones2.htm

Number Two

“Speaking English..were you in the boat when the boat sank…”

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

Morphology (Homologous and Analagous)

Biochemical similarities

Physiological similarities

How things work (proofs of evolution)

http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/biology-terms/evolution-info2.htm

Powerpoint on Indirect Evidence

borysndmath.weebly.com/…/5.3_indirect_evidence_of_evolution.ppt

Number Three

Case study of evolution of Horse from Chapter Two

Please note to start with time being the oldest evidence.

Plot line

Make best fit line

Calculate the slope of line

Make key for next class

Richard Dawkins and proof of evolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_LY-LZtJAs

Evidence of Evolution made easy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jw0MLJJJbqc

There are three constants in life..paradox, change and humour.

Find a bone called a Humerus, you will see evidence of change and proof of why bones can be called funny bones..

Last lessons Objectives

DNA and Protein

Class Notes or Information

1.   Introduction Exam

2.   DNA Work package

3.   Introduction to Blog and Chapter Two

Number One

Introduction Exam

Number Two

·      DNA is the molecule responsible for maintaining a code that is transferred from one generation to the next.

·      DNA is a helix structure with a phosphate and sugar backbone.

·      The actual code is established by nitrogen bases and the order in which they are found.

·      Consider that DNA is the master cook book that has all the recipes to make any protein in any living thing.

·      Currently there is a debate on one principle in biology that one gene (a series of nitrogen bases) is equal to the information to form one protein. This idea is currently being debated

Number Three

1.   Evolution is both a theory and a path of inquiry in Biology.

2.   To prove a theory, science follows the scientific method to establish evidence to validate an idea. To validate the theory of evolution there are two possible paths to follow.

3.   Direct evidence is that we can actually look at. Fossils are preserved evidence within the earth’s solid plates.

4.   There are three types of fossils.

5.   Indirect Evidence is using an observation to explain a possible relationship between the evidence and a change with time

A basic idea about evolution is the idea of adaptation.

·      Adaptations are those characteristics that allow on generation to change or survive.

·      Please note that in the text, an adaption is not just a physical trait but also social and behaviourial traits.

·      A basic premises to remember is

“Adapt or Die”

“Performance, feedback and revision”

Review DNA work sheets

Start Chapter

Two

Class Notes

Chapter 2 For Evolution

Class hand outs

DNA rap

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1UPf7lXeO8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1L8Xb6j7A4w

Baba Brinkman

http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/dna

“Performance, feedback and Revision”

Last lessons Objectives

DNA and Protein characteristics

(Case Study)

Class Notes or Information

1.   Quiz review on biomolecules

2.   DNA

3.   Protein and RNA

Number One

Cornell Notes and how to write up notes for class

Number Two

Compare the following:

·      Simple to complex sugars

·      What is the relationship between energy and the number of carbons

·      Carbos to fat

·      Three types of fats

·      Link between dna and protein

·      DNA vs RNA

What is an essential amino acid?

Number Three

Test one outline of learning outcomes:

1.   Activities of life

2.   Big ideas of life

3.   Levels of organization

4.   Molecules of life

5.   Scientific method

6.   Origins for biological terms

25 multiple choice

2 short answer questions ( Lab design and big ideas in biology)

Chapter 1 pg 38-49

Class Notes

Class hand outs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtW9IyE04OQ

DNA and RNA (Amoeba Sisters)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Elo-zX1k8M

You are what you eat.

Do not forget Vitamins