The idea of adaptive radiation is a noun..it is a concept that proposes the the more diverse the population the easier it is for that population to radiate and adapt to a larger range of areas.

Lab due at end of the week

Topic

Number Two

So whose theory did Darwin argue with?

Darwin verse Lamarack

Darwin’s argument

A yahoo version

https://ca.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081117214639AAYoR72

An more academic version

http://www.plosin.com/work/OneLongArgument.html

Lets revise..and simply

If a population grows without any limiting factor is grows at a geometric rate.

Geometric growth leads to over population

Yet there is no over population and this is due to “a struggle for existence” ( related to economics idea by Malthus)

Part two

With a population, the is a diverse range of how a trait is shown. (think about a litter of puppies).

Those traits that allow the species to survive, are passed onto the next generation.

The mechanism that select which traits are passied onto the next generation is a natural selection.

Note..”survival of the fittest” was not first written by Darwin.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_of_the_fittest

Also

Wallace also noticed a selection process by natural sources in his collection of animals.

http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/index1.htm

The main focus of Darwin’s argument was to challenge Lamarck’s idea that individual species changed with time due to use and disuse of traits.

He used fossil records and data acquired in his five year voyage to propose “the origin of the species”.

In regards to his interpretation of changes in beak structure of finches, we should not that

Each island had limited predation, a unique habitat that created a variety of food sources. These factors within the environment were used to support his argument.

Lamarck

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_09

http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/evolution/lamarck/section2.rhtml

http://necsi.edu/projects/evolution/lamarck/lamarck/lamarck_lamarck.html

Darwin Verses Lamarck

Powerpoint

http://www.powershow.com/view/3fa45-YTgyN/Darwin_vs_Lamarck_powerpoint_ppt_presentation

Comparison Table

http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/lessons/ev.mech.pdf

Focus Questions:

Is a theory a fact?

How does the scientific method provide structure to create a theory?

How are direct and indirect evidence used to replace an actual experiment that validates Darwin’s ideas?

Is there a way to create an experiment that could validate the mechanisms of evolution?

For Darwin, what selects a trait?

How does this differ with Lamarck?

What is a common missing factor that both Darwin and Lamarck did not know about?

How could you disprove Lamarck idea of an acquired characteristics?

Rate of Change within evolution

Gradual Change

Punctuated equilibrium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuated_equilibrium

Gradualism verse punctuated

http://evolution.about.com/od/evidence/a/Transitional-Fossils.htm

Venn diagram to compare

https://rbssbiology11ilos.wikispaces.com/Compare+Gradual+Change+and+Punctuated+Equilibrium

Focus Questions

Topic

Number Three

answering question about natural selection

http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/futuyma.html

Note:

This is not a proof that changes occur with time, it is a proposal of the mechanism as to why things change with time.

Artificial Selection

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_selection

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_30

Text book Ref

Chapter Three

Case study on Moths (Natural Selection)

Page 96 in Nelson Text

Answer all question and put into green duotang

Case study DDT ( Artificial Selection)

Page 101 in Nelson Text

Answer all questions and put into green duotang

You tube Reference

Natural Selection Rap

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irrKFXCoi0A

Artificial Selection Rap

https://www.brainpickings.org/2013/06/14/the-rap-guide-to-evolution-baba-brinkman/

Take Home Message

A theory is a form of an objective argument based upon evidence that is usually used to support a hypothesis that has been replicated in a variety of formats.

Theories can change with time and they are not facts.

To create a logically sound argument, it is wise to examine objective evidence that both supports and argues the premise that you are defending.

Do not go into a battle of wits with an unarmed opponent.

posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Science 10 and have No Comments

Oct

Bio 11 2017 Oct 16

Bio 11 (17-18) Oct 16th

Last lessons Objectives

1. Exam

2. Taxonomy for class plants

3. Media board assignments

Evaluations

Today’s Objectives

a) Solving the mystery of Barbellus

b) What is a cladogram?

c) How to use fossil evidence as direct proof

Exam

Topic

Number One

Barbellus Activity

Handed out or

http://faculty.montvilleschools.org/bhayes/biology/handouts/evolution_of_barbellus.pdf

Step one:

Organize by layer of rocks with oldest on the bottom.

Step two

Organize by similarity in structure. You can move the organism side ways but not up or down? Why?

Step three

Identify structures that look similar? For example: limbs, fins, eyes, segments in body and antenna. How would these structures be linked to environment the organism lives in?

Create cladogram with aquatic species on x axis and terrestrial

As seen via the internet

Basic ideas

· Law of superposition

· Adaptations

· Using a cladogram

· Extinction

· Diverge and converge

Videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvC1rs7k8j8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSICRTjJae0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yz2z0cg0YDY

Topic

Number Two

What is a cladogram

http://study.com/academy/lesson/cladogram-definition-examples.html

Higher level interpretation from Yale

http://peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/what-cladogram

Videos

From Utah

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aEIvwqoIhI

Bozeman

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouZ9zEkxGWg

Understanding a phylogenetic tree

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVW8iIEfiZI&t=17s

Topic

Number Three

Preview to next class lab

a) Isolation mechanisms

b) Elephant lab

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jan/31/elephant-teeth-teach-about-evolution

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/mammoth-modern-elephant

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95RKsAR7SW8

Each student to do one of each assignment for full marks per term.

Text book Reference

Chapter 1 pg. 38-49

Class Notes

Chapter 7 Taxonomy

Chapter 2 Evidence of evolution

Class hand outs

You tube Reference

How to write Cornell Notes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtW9IyE04OQ

Take Home Message

posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven,Biology Eleven Lesson Outline and have No Comments

Oct

Bio 11

Bio 11 (17-18) Date Oct 10 th

Last lessons Objective

Classification and Taxonomy

Evaluation

Today’s Objectives

1. Direct Evidence (Fossils)

2. Indirect Evidence (4 types)

3. Isolation Mechanism and Evolution

Topic

Number One

Question: What organism are these bones from?

Using a skeleton of a limb, how can we observe some evidence of an animals structure and function?

What structures are in the limb?

Refer to class notes posted at web blog.

Problems with fossils

Type of soil : Usually sandstone or limestone.

Types of fossils (3)

Petrified

Imprint

In resin

Type of material to fossilize ( hard verses soft)

Amount of fossil remains

Movement of fossils due to predation

Movement due to local geological or environmental change

Movement due to earthquakes

Movement due to plate tetontics

BBC information on fossil records

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/common_systems/growthrev1.shtml

Sample of some problems with fossils

http://www.evolutionnews.org/2015/01/problem_5_abrup091141.html

How things work (Problems with fossils)

http://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-bones2.htm

Topic

Number Two

Question: What are the four indirect proofs of change with time.

“Speaking English..were you in the boat when the boat sank…”

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

Morphology (Homologous and Analagous)

Biochemical similarities

Physiological similarities

How things work (proofs of evolution)

http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/biology-terms/evolution-info2.htm

Powerpoint on Indirect Evidence

borysndmath.weebly.com/…/5.3_indirect_evidence_of_evolution.ppt

Topic

Number Three

Case study of evolution of Horse from Chapter Two

Please note to start with time being the oldest evidence.

Plot line

Make best fit line

Calculate the slope of line

Next Class Exam

Make key for next class

Text book Reference

Chapter Two

Table

You tube Reference

Richard Dawkins and proof of evolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_LY-LZtJAs

Evidence of Evolution made easy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jw0MLJJJbqc

Take Home Message

There are three constants in life..paradox, change and humour.

Find a bone called a Humerus, you will see evidence of change and proof of why bones can be called funny bones..

posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven,Biology Eleven Lesson Outline and have No Comments

Oct

Bio 11 (17-18) Oct 5

Biology 11 Lesson Outline Date Oct 5th

Last lessons Objectives

Designing an experiment

Pre test review

Evaluations

Today’s Objectives

1. Exam

2. Taxonomy for class plants

3. Media board assignments

Exam

Topic

Number One

Part One of Introduction Evaluation

(Not including taxonomy)

Topic

Number Two

Room 411 has over 16 plants

You mission is to create a key to find the names of each plant.

You should:

· Photograph the plants

· Find a plant key to classify your plant

· Note all plant structures to classify plants

Topic

Number Three

Each week we need to update the Room 411 Biognus bulletin board

Bio 11 Exam Review

Biology 11 Scientific Method, Taxonomy and Five kingdoms Test Review

Yes, you are allowed an index card to put anything you want on it.

I would suggest you record the classification of humans first.

Taxonomy

Which comes first in a binomial name, the genus or species?
Which word in a binomial name has a capital letter?
What is the scientific name for humans?
Humans belong to which kingdom?
Which phylum do humans belong to?
Which class do humans belong to?
What family do humans belong to?

Five Kingdoms

Bacteria and cyanobacteria belong to which kingdom?
Molds and mushrooms belong to which kingdom?
If you are looking at a proper order going from most general to specific, how
Would you arrange the seven groups of living things. (KPCOFGS)?

Scientific method

Which theory states that organisms contain coded information that dictates their form, function, and behavior?
Which theory states that all organisms are composed of cells?
Which theory states that all living things have a common ancestor and are adapted to a particular way of life?
What is biogenesis and how is it linked to theories of living things?

Is a hypothesis an a tentative explanation for an observed phenomena or results?
What is the proper order for the sequence of a scientific methodology?
Can a conclusion of an experiment change?
What is the scientific method?
Can a hypothesis be proven true?
What is the purpose of a control?
Do scientist always put their results in the news?
What is usually the step of the scientific method?
Of all the steps of a scientific method, which has the most evidence for being true?
What is the purpose of a hypothesis?
If you are experimenting with a particular independent variable, is it important to use the same type of living thing in both the control and test groups? Why?
A theory that is accepted by more scientist is often called what?
Can you test an ethical or moral decision using the scientific method?

posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven and have No Comments

Oct

Bio 11 Exam Review

Bio 11 Exam Review ( Introduction)

Topic	Focus Questions
The studying of biology and science	· How does a scientific inquiry begin? · Can scientific discoveries occur without an an experiment? · What are three conditions on earth that make it a good place for living things?
Scientific Method	· What are three criteria for a hypothesis? · What is the difference between a theory and a law? · Are theories open to further study? Why? · A formal hypothesis always includes which two words? · The beginning of a theory always begin when scientist do what? · In order for a hypothesis to be valid, what must it be? · How do you outline an experiment? · What is a control? · What is a dependent and indepedant variable? · What are examples of qualitative and quantitative observations. · In an experiment where you are testing a variable, how many samples would you test?
Activities of life	· How is reproduction linked to the idea of continuity? · If an animal uses a structural feature to move, how could this be linked to evolution? · Which activity of life is linked to the other five or six activities of life? · How is a living thing different than a non living thing? ·
Six Big Ideas	· How is the idea of unity and diversity shown when comparing different species? · How is adaption linked to the ideas of evolution and changes with time? · What is another term to describe how living things maintain their chemical balance? · How would you describe the term continuity using an example? · What would be examples of the six big ideas? · What is unity and diversity and how could you explain it using examples of similar and different species?
Levels of organization	· What is the smallest level of organization? · What is an organic molecule? · What is the definition of a population and how is it linked to the notion of a species? · How would you rank activites of life from a biome to a cell? · What power of a microscope would you use to examine a eukaryotic cell? · How can you define the term species verses a population? Could you give an example? · Is an ecosystem composed of just living things? (Can you provide an example?)
Fields of biological study	· If some one is looking at the shape of a skull which field of biology are they studying? · If some one is looking at animals, which field of biology would they be in? · What would be the field of biology that explores how living things carry on their life activities?

posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven,Biology Eleven Lesson Outline and have No Comments

Sep

Bio 12 L 6 (17-18) Cells

Bio 12 (17-18) L 6 Date: Sept 26 2017

Last lessons Objective	1. Nucleic acid to ATP, RNA and DNA
Today’s Objective	a) Practice quiz identifying biomolecules b) How to study productively c) Introduction to the cell
Topic Number One	Review of structure and function of biomolecules
Topic Number Two	How to study productively Studying is a balance between what you do and why you do it. · If you change the reason why you study, then you will also change what you do. · If you start study sessions with an objective to learn and take a quiz to discover what you do not know, then after a study session you can note how much you have processed by retaking the same evalutation. · Text books already have questions within each chapter to focus your attention on the specific information that could answer the questions within the text. · Information can be ranked from finding a simple fact by asking “what”. · As you change the question from what to how or why, you need find more evidence to answer the question. · Making to notes to memorize limits the depth of information you can discover. · Linking facts together fact with facts can be used explain both how and why, · The objective of each study session should be to evolve from simple whats to hows and whys. · Remember..the mind is like a parachute, it only works if it is open. · When you study, open your path of inquiry
Topic Number Three	Introduction to the Cell a) The cell Theory https://www.thoughtco.com/cell-theory-373300 b) Myths about cells (shape and types) A cool story http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129934828 c) Importance of surface area to volume https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuG4ZZ1GbzI d) Life inside and outside of the cell https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJyUtbn0O5Y
Text Reference	Chapter 3 Google Inquiry to life chapter three power point and download.
You tube Reference	Really cool stuff! Cells Alive Site (videos, quizzes and more..oh my) https://www.cellsalive.com Cell structure https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8 Cell structure and function https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBvfBB_oSTc BBC The cell:the hidden kingdom https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDuwkdQzb2g BBC secret of life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNliacSzFks
Class Notes References	New set of class notes handed out Link for Cell Bio Notes http://www.gallantsbiocorner.com/uploads/9/1/3/5/9135671/cell_notes.pdf Answer Key for review notes Find the review sheet first…was posted in last lesson http://www.gallantsbiocorner.com/uploads/9/1/3/5/9135671/cell_membrane_-_review_worksheet_key.pdf New References to practice tests. (Thanks David!) They are two websites that have quizzes based on the textbook we use. Both links are the same, it’s just a preference of HTML formatting because link 2 has a “nicer” format. If you click on Link 1, it’s pretty easy to navigate at first glance. Link 2 is a bit trickier, and you’ll need to look on the left side of the page, then click on the drop-down box to select the chapter. Link 1) http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/maderinquiry/quiz.html Link 2) http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072421975/student_view0/index.html
Take Home message	To be inspired…you need to let go of those things that make you uninspired.

posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology 12,Biology 12 Lesson Outline and have No Comments

Sep

Bio 11 Quiz One Review Notes

Quiz one: Review

Topic One:

Scientific method

A scientific inquiry always begins with an observation.
In an observation you can look for both quantitative and qualitative factors.
Now you proposes a hypothesis to explain your observations.
You may infer, looking at your observations, a possible cause and effect relationship.

Points about a hypothesis

It must be testable
It must be a tentative explaination of observed phenomena
As a formal hypothesis, it should include the word “if” for the independent variable and “then” for the dependent variable.
A hypothesis can be supported by testing that hypothesis

The process of the scientific method includes:

Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Theory
Law

All experiments are subject to change and can have experimental error.

In a controlled experiment, there is no experimental variable.

Within the scientific community experiments are given to scientific journals for peer review.

We will need to be aware of four theories

Evolutionary theory
Gene theory
Abiogenesis
Cell Theory

Classification

The study of how organisms are classified is called taxonomy.

A binomial name includes both the genus and the species.
A binomial name begins with the genus and then the species, much like your last name then your first.
In order from many organisms to specific species is :
Kingdom: Example Animal Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Genus
Species: note that species are defined by the fact that they reproduce with each other.
Levels of organization
Cells can be classified as:
Prokaryote: an organism that has no nucleus, no organelles, no cytoplasmic streaming .

If we start off with a cell being the lowest level of organization, then levels of complexity and interaction are:

Cell to tissue

Tissue to organ

Organ to system

Now we are looking at specific species.

A number of individual species is a population

A number of population with other populations is a community.

If we consider both living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) factors we are now considering an ecosystem.

Several ecosystems together is referred to as a biome.

posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology Eleven,Biology Eleven Lesson Outline,Biology Eleven Notes and have No Comments

Sep

Bio 12 L 6 (2017-18) Sept 20

Bio 12 L6 (2017-18) Date: Sept 19^th 2017

Last lessons Objective

Class Notes or Information

1. Proteins and bonds

2. Protein functions and denaturing

3. Introduction to nucleic acids

Evaluations

Today’s Objective

1. Big Picture

2. PPT for Chapter Two

3. The next step “Cells” Chapter 3

Topic

Number One

Nutrition and Metabolism

http://www2.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/faculty/harnden/2122/notes/metab.htm

Pleae note the role of these molecules in metabolism.

Sugars

Fats

Protein

Nucleic Acids

Note that all four biomolecules have a link to energy.

Note that glucose makes 38 ATP molecules

Topic

Number Two

Three versions of chapter 2 powerpoint, you will need to download.

https://www.google.ca/search?safe=strict&client=safari&channel=mac_bm&dcr=0&source=hp&q=Inquiry+to+life+power+point+for+chapter++two&oq=Inquiry+to+life+power+point+for+chapter++two&gs_l=psy-ab.3…3709.17323.0.17714.44.44.0.0.0.0.186.3164.38j5.43.0….0…1.1.64.psy-ab..1.33.2319…0j0i131k1j0i22i30k1j33i22i29i30k1j33i21k1j33i160k1.0.JkylzjzFBaQ

Practice quiz for Chapter Two

Mader

http://www.mhhe.com/cgi-bin/webquiz.pl

Quizlet

https://quizlet.com/4266469/inquiry-into-life-chapter-2-flash-cards/

Topic

Number Three

Please download

Raycroft notes and worksheets

Notes

http://www.gallantsbiocorner.com/uploads/9/1/3/5/9135671/cell_notes.pdf

Worksheet

http://www.gallantsbiocorner.com/uploads/9/1/3/5/9135671/raycroft_membrane_worksheet.pdf

Text Reference

Chapter Two

Molecules of life

You tube Reference

Chemistry of life

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfUTymAeWRk

Chemical Bonds

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXT4OVM4vXI

Nutrition and Metabolism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fR3NxCR9z2U

Bioenergetics by Bozeman

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCxIpiI7-Y&list=PL9FF254FEE374B71C

Class Notes References

and home work

Study for multiple choice quiz on Friday.

Take Home message

Life…requires free energy yet cell phones and Netflix do not apply.

Evaluation Next Class

posted by Marc Bernard Carmichael in Biology 12,Biology 12 Lesson Outline and have No Comments

" The Big Picture!" by Mr C

Bio 12 (17-18) Chapter 4 Membranes Oct 26,2017

Bio 11 (2017-18) Evolution Chapter 3 Oct 25

Bio 11 2017 Oct 16

Bio 11

Bio 11 (17-18) Oct 5

Bio 11 Exam Review

Bio 11 Exam Review

Bio 12 L 6 (17-18) Cells

Bio 11 Quiz One Review Notes

Bio 12 L 6 (2017-18) Sept 20

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