Biology Eleven:    Evolution Exam Review

An almost complete vocabulary list ( check text for extra terms)

Topic One: Adaptation

• What are some theories or ideas related to the origins of life?
• What is the fundamental unit of life and what are the activities of this unit?
• What is an adaptation?
• How does an adaptation become favourable?
• What are examples of different types of adaptations
• How could observed adaptations be associated with a theory?
• What happens if a species fails to adapt?

Topic two: The Process of Evolution

• What is the difference between a process and a mechanism?
• Why can the term “evolution” be interpreted several ways?
• How can one observe that a change has occurred?
• What patterns can be hypothesized with changes in:
• fossils: what sort of changes can fossils have and how can observations be misleading?
• embryology: how are embryos associated with family trees?
• anatomy: What is the significance of homologous and analogous structures and how could they be linked to ideas about convergence and divergence?
• physiology How are tissue structures and functions related to evolution?
• biochemistry How are proteins and amino acid sequences associate with DNA and how species are related?

• What are some possible sources of error with fossil proof?
• How is the earth’s geography associated with how species change?
• If species can be proven to change with time, what factors effect that change?
• What is the principle of convergence and divergence?

Topic Three: Mechanisms of Evolution

• Why do species change or do they remain the same?
• How could the process of reproduction be associated with the mechanisms of evolution?
• Adaptation allows an organism to evolve so what causes an adaptation?
• Are adaptation inherited through use and disuse?
• Are adaptations controlled by some form of natural selection?
• How is speciation related to a mechanism of change?
• How is the rate of change associated with how an organism adapts?

Lamarck

• From a scientific point of view, what are some of the weakness of Lamarck’s argument
• What did Lamarck contribute to evolutionary ideas?

Darwin

• What are the five specific points of Darwin’s mechanism of evolution?
• What is the importance of individual variation within a population?
• In order for an adaptation to be selected what must occur?
• What is the importance and or contribution of sexual reproduction in evolution?

Comparisons

• How could today’s ideas (i.e. genetic influence, symbiotic relationships etc.) be consistent or against Darwin and Lamarck’s ideas?
• What biological discoveries have contributed to changing the interpretation of evolution?

Biology 11

Mr Carmichael

Name: ____________________ Date: __________ Block: _____

Chapter 3 – Theories to Explain Variation

Read pages 90-104. Use the text, sidebars, and illustrations to answer the questions below:

Chapter 1-2 Acme Guide

Chapter One:

1. What is the abiogenesis and who first formulated the hypothesis?
2. What is the difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?
3. What are defining features of a plant cell verses an animal cell?
4. What size objects are used for electron microscope, compound microscope and dissecting scopes?
5. What is the cell theory and what does it not discuss?
6. What structures are found in polysaccharides, lipids and proteins?

Chapter Two

1. If an adaption was found to be “most desirable” then what advantage would that give to the species that acquired it?
2. If a population is adapted to it’s environment then what will happen to successive generations?
3. What three key concepts are found in the definition of adaptation?
4. Mollusks ( like snails ) and reptiles are found in fossil remains, yet soft flatworms were difficult to find. Why?
5. What type of evidence are fossils?
6. How would you estimate how old a fossil is? (2 ways)
7. What are four problems with using fossils for evidence of change?
8. What is the difference between direct and indirect evidence?
9. If you are exploring biochemical evidence between species are you looking exact DNA or a degree of relatedness?
10. How many definitions are there for evolution.
11. What is the difference between a process,a theory and a cause for diversity?
12. How is a species made?
13. What defines what a species is?
14. What is speciation?
15. What is an isolation mechanism?
16. What isolation mechanism cannot be crossed?
17. If a species in one geographic location looked the same as another much further away, this would be an example of what?
18. If one species moved to land and the other stayed in the water, then looking at the two species, you could propose that they would …..?
19. Can you answer any question on page 88-89 and do you know the concepts and vocab listed there?