" The Big Picture!" by Mr C

Last lessons Objective

Cell Biology Exam

Structure and function of DNA

1.   Three steps of Replication

2.   Three steps of Transcription

3.   Three steps of Translation

Number One

This is part one of your study guide

On a legal piece of paper either staple or draw the three steps of replication

Step one

Unwind the DNA

·      Which enzyme is involved in unwinding the DNA?

·      Which enzyme “unzips” the DNA?

·      Where is this process occurring?

·      What building blocks are required?

·      What chemical bonds are being broken

·      How is the supercoiled molecule unwound?

·      What is the role of 5 to 3 ends of DNA?

Step Two

Making a copy of nucleotide chain

·      What is the job of rna primase?

·      What is the role of a primer

·      What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand?

·      Which enzyme is involved?

·      What chemical bonds are being made?

·      Is there a possibility for error and what would that error be called?

·      Are nucleotides added in a particular fashion?

Step Three

Stick the nucleotides together and prepare of cell division

·      Which enzyme is involved?

·      What chemical bonds are being made?

·      What is a Okazak fragment?

·      What is different in binding of nucleotides when you compare leading strand to lagging strand?

·      Are there different types of primase? Why?

·      After replication, what is the “ploidy

·      What is the role of replication and how is it linked to the functions of DNA?

Online references notes

Basic Replication

http://www.dnareplication.info/stepsofdnareplication.php

Replication with leading and lagging

http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/molecular/dnareplicationandrepair/section1.rhtml

Replication and enzymes (most thorough)

http://study.com/academy/lesson/dna-replication-review-of-enzymes-replication-bubbles-leading-and-lagging-strands.html

Number Two

Steps of Protein Synthesis

Two steps:

Transcription   (making rna in nucleus)

Translation     (making protein in cytoplasm)

Consider the following:

·      Transcription is similar to replication in that you are following a similar series of step to make a copy of the DNA sequence

·      Translation is taking a single strand of RNA and translating that code so that a protein can be made with all amino acids linked in a specific order.

Steps of Transcription

Initiation

Elongation

Termination

The basics of transcription

http://plato.acadiau.ca/courses/biol/Microbiology/Transcription.htm

More than basics of transcription

http://www.ck12.org/biology/Transcription-of-DNA-to-RNA/lesson/Transcription-of-DNA-to-RNA/

Quiz on transcription

https://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter15/stages_of_transcription.html

Number Three

Initiation

Focus Questions:

·      What genetic material is involved in this process?

·      Where is it occurring?

·      What molecule has the code for Protein?

·      What protein structure helps to translate the sequence?

·      What genetic material transports amino acids?

·      Is there a code to initiate the process of translation?

Elongation

Focus questions:

·      What protein structures are being used to combine amino acids.

·      Is there a code to start and stop protein elongation?

Termination

Spark Notes

http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/molecular/translation/section3.rhtml

Study com with video and quiz

http://study.com/academy/lesson/translation-of-mrna-to-protein-initiation-elongation-termination-steps.html#lesson

Carleton U Microbellife page

http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/genomics/translat.html

Unwind, copy, rewind for Replication

Initiate, Elongate,Terminate for protein synthesis