Acme Guide for Anatomy and Physiology DNA to Enzymes Test
| Topic | |
| DNA | |
| Basics | · What is the backbone of DNA composed of?
· What compliment base pairs? · What structures in DNA make “genes”? · Why are the amounts of Adenine in DNA equal to Thymine? · If a gene has 120 base pairs, how many amino acids are in the protein? · DNA is called a semiconservative molecule, why? · DNA is called a supercoiled molecule, why? · Could you compare DNA to RNA using a table to compare structures and function?
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| Replication | · Can you identify base pairs during replication?
· Using a diagram of DNA making a new strand, how could you matching base pair. How would this change if the DNA is make RNA? · In replication which bonds are broken? · If DNA was replicating with radioactive Thymine, would it show up in future generations DNA? Why · In order, what are the four events that occur in DNA replication? · What are the enzymes involved with Replication?
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| Transcription | · If you were given a DNA strand of code, could you predict the sequence of amino acids in the protein?
· What are the enzymes in transcription? · What is produced in transcription? · If you were given a strand of DNA code, could you predict the effect of deleting one base in that code by showing the final amino acid sequence? · What are two factors that could change what protein would be formed?
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| Translation | · In protein synthesis where and when are peptide bonds formed?
· In protein synthesis where does transcription and translation occur? · rRNA is produced by which process? · What are the enzymes in translation? · What are the steps of protein synthesis from DNA to making a protein? · When does the base Thymine change to Uracil? Why? · Looking at the complete process of protein synthesis what is the purpose for: a) Ribosome moving to mRNA b) Adenine bonding to thymine c) An amino acid bonding to specific tRNA d) Forming a peptide bond |
| Gene Manipulation | · What is recombinant DNA? Where does the DNA come from?
· Using a diagram of a cells or bacteria cells DNA, how could recombinant DNA be used to make a specific protein
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| Enzymes | · What is the sequence of events from combining substrate to enzyme and either making or breaking a chemical bond to make a new product?
· What is the lock and key theory and how is it different from an enzyme whose active site changes? What is that process called? What is : · Competitive inhibition · Non-competitive inhibition · Non-reversible inhibition · Coenzyme activity Could you show the above interactions with a diagram?
Can you interpret graphs: · For amount of product vs progress of the reaction (time) · Rate of reaction vs Enzyme concentration · Energy level vs progress of reaction · Effect of denaturing an enzyme due to temperature · Effect of denaturing an enzyme due to ph. · Effect of denaturing and enzyme due to heavy metal · |
| Enzyme lab interpretation | · Interpreting enzyme lab results, a colour indicator is used to show the presence of a product.
· Looking at a data table, could you predict the change in a colour due changes is substrate, acid, temperature, heavy metal, or increase of decreased concentrations of enzyme? |
| Interpretation of enzyme flow chart (see notes) | If you were shown an interaction between two enzyme such as:
A with (enzyme 1) goes to B with (enzyme 2) goes to C
What would be two ways to increase the production of product C
What would be two ways to slow down or stop production of product C |
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