" The Big Picture!" by Mr C

Biology 11

Name: ____________________ Date: __________ Block: _____

 

Aquatic Vertebrates – Fishes

 

1. Class Agnatha – Jawless Fishes

• a = “­­­­­­­­­­__________” + gnatha = “__________”
• include: _______________ and ________________
• origins: appeared about ________­­­­­ mya
• have a _________ but no backbone
• other features which they do not have:
• no _______________, no __________ (so they cannot bite or chew), and no _______________

 

1. Hagfish (aka: ___________________)

• protect themselves with __________
• lifestyle: ______________________________ ____________________
• feed by _______________________________

 

1. Lampreys

• lifestyle: ______________________________
• feed with circular ____________________________ with rows of _________________________

 

 

2. Class Osteichthyes – Bony Fishes

• osteo = “__________” + ichthyes = “__________”
• largest group of vertebrates, includes _____________________________
• evolved from _______________ about _____ mya
• have ____________________ so they can bite food
• have a backbone and skeleton made of __________
• have paired ______________________________
• 2 groups of bony fish:

1. a) ray-finned fish
   • more than half of all vertebrates
   • includes: __________________________

• fins are __________________________

 

1. b)   lobe-finned fish

• includes _________________________
• fins are _________________________, supported by a central core of _________
  • probable ancestors of __________

3. Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilagenous Fishes

• chondros = “__________________” + ichthys = “_________”
• include __________________________________
• evolved from _______________ about _____ mya
• have ____________________ so they can bite food
• have a backbone and skeleton made of _______________ (not bone)
• have paired _______________________________________________
• skin is very rough – covered with toothlike __________ – has been used as sandpaper
• lifestyle: most are __________

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adaptations of Fish

 

1. Heart and Circulation

• ­­­­­­­­­fish have a _____________________ circulatory system
• the heart has _______ chambers (one __________ and one _______________)
• blood is pumped from the __________ to the __________, where it absorbs __________, and releases ____________________
• clean oxygenated blood flows to the __________ __________, were it delivers ___________, picks up __________ then returns to the __________
• in a single-loop system blood pressure has to be ________________ in order to get blood through 2 capillary beds

 

 

1. Swim Bladder

• looks and functions like a _______________ filled with gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen).
• Fish can add or remove gas from the bladder
• helps the fish maintain _______________ and adjust depth easily

1. Respiration

• fish obtain oxygen through ____________________ made of thousands of filaments
• the gills are covered with an ____________ which protects the gills
• fish “swallow” water which passes through the ________ to exit the body
• as the water passes over the gills, oxygen diffuses from ________ into __________, and metabolic wastes diffuse from _____ into ________ and exit the body

 

 

1. Kidneys

• main function is to ____________________________________________ in the body
• also function to __________________________________
• saltwater fish
• their tissues are _______________ than surrounding water
• they tend to __________ water (problem of “drying out”)
• so they drink lots of water and excrete excess salt through __________
• the kidneys excrete wastes in the form of __________ (like ours)
• these fish produce _______________ urine
• freshwater fish
• their tissues are __________ than surrounding water
• they tend to __________ water
• their kidneys excrete wastes in the form of __________ which is toxic, so it is flushed out with lots of water
• these fish produce large amounts of very __________ urine

 

 

1. Body Covering

• they are covered with __________, which function in _______________ but do not prevent water loss

 

 

1. Senses

– the ___________________is a sense that allows fish to detect movement and vibration in surrounding waters.

– members of class Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays and skates) have __________________ that allow them to detect electrical fields produced by living organisms.

 

 

1. Reproduction

• fertilization usually external (called “_______________”)