{"id":368,"date":"2016-07-22T18:36:36","date_gmt":"2016-07-22T18:36:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/?p=368"},"modified":"2016-07-22T18:36:36","modified_gmt":"2016-07-22T18:36:36","slug":"porifera-gap-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/2016\/07\/22\/porifera-gap-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Porifera Gap Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Biology 11<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Mr Carmichael<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Name: ___________________________ Date: _________ Block: ___<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Invertebrates<\/p>\n<p><em>Text page 304<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An invertebrate is any animal that lacks a <u>______________<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>Of the 36 animal phyla, only one phylum includes animals with backbones, the Vertebrates. This is the phylum <u>______________<\/u> which includes us humans.<\/li>\n<li>Approximately 95% of all animals on earth are Invertebrates<\/li>\n<li>We will study the following 8 Invertebrate Phyla:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Phylum<u> ______________<\/u> (Sponges)<\/li>\n<li>Phylum <u>______________<\/u> (Jellyfish, Anemone, Corals, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Phylum <u>______________<\/u> (Flatworms)<\/li>\n<li>Phylum <u>______________<\/u> (Roundworms)<\/li>\n<li>Phylum <u>______________<\/u> (Segmented Worms)<\/li>\n<li>Phylum <u>______________<\/u> (Clams, Snails, Slugs, Squids, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Phylum <u>______________<\/u> (Insects, Crustaceans, Spiders, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Phylum <u>______________<\/u> (Sea Stars, Sea Cucumbers, Sea Urchins, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In order to survive, all animals must be able to perform 7 essential functions:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><u>______________: <\/u>Obtain energy and nutrients for survival<\/li>\n<li><u>______________: <\/u>Consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u>: Circulatory system to carry oxygen, food and wasted to and from cells of the body<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u>: Eliminate poisonous waste from the body<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u>: Sensory cells and nervous system to find food, spot predators and locate others of their own kind<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u>: Either sexual (helps create genetic diversity) or asexual<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u>: Musculo-skeletal system<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u><br \/>\n<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Phylum Porifera: The Sponges<\/p>\n<p>(Latin: <em>porus<\/em> = \u201cpore\u201d, <em>ferre<\/em> = \u201cto bear\u201d)<\/p>\n<p><em>Pages 304-306<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Background:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Porifera means &#8220;animal with pores&#8221; and sponges have a lot of pores<\/li>\n<li>Sponges are the <u>______________<\/u> and <u>______________<\/u> of animals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>DID YOU KNOW!!!: The oldest known animal fossils are sponges<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Many early naturalists thought that sponges were plants. In 1765 the internal water currents were observed which led to the realization that sponges are animals<\/li>\n<li>There are over 5,000 different species, most live in salt water but a few species live in fresh water<\/li>\n<li>Sponges have been used for thousands of years for cleaning and other purposes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>3 Major Classes:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are three major Classes of Poriferans:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>______________<\/u>: Sponges containing Calcium carbonate (chalk) spicules<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u>: Sponges containing Silica (glass) spicules<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u>: Sponges containing Silica (glass) spicules and Spongin (~ 90% of all sponges)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Body Plan\/Structure:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> &#8211; the most primitive multicellular animal group<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> or sometimes <u>______________<\/u> symmetrical body plan<\/li>\n<li>Two types of openings:\n<ul>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> (plural: ostia) = small pore in the side of the sponge where water flows <u>______________<\/u> to the sponge<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> (plural: oscula) = large opening at the top of the sponge where water flows<u>______________<\/u> of the sponge<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> = central cavity surrounded by walls with thousands of pores<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> level of organization\n<ul>\n<li>no true tissues, no organs, muscles, nerves, mouth or digestive cavity<\/li>\n<li>just groups or specialized cells that all serve different functions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Two cell layers:\n<ul>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> outside<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> inside<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> = jelly-like layer in between the <u>______________<\/u> and the <u>______________<\/u> (not a cell layer)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Four types of specialized cells\n<ul>\n<li>Epidermal cells (<u>______________<\/u>) = Ectoderm<\/li>\n<li>Collar Cells (<u>______________<\/u>) = Endoderm<\/li>\n<li>Pore Cells (<u>______________<\/u>) = Line the Pores (<u>Ostia<\/u>)<\/li>\n<li>Amoeba Cells (<u>______________<\/u>) = Roam through the <u>______________<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Skeleton\n<ul>\n<li>Skeletons of some sponges are made of <u>______________<\/u> which are produced and secreted by the <u>______________<\/u><\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> come in many shapes and sizes<\/li>\n<li>Some <u>______________<\/u> are made out of <u>______________<\/u> (chalk) while others are made out of <u>______________<\/u> (glass)<\/li>\n<li><u>Spicules<\/u> can be woven together by protein fibres called <u>______________<\/u><\/li>\n<li>Most sponges have both <u>______________<\/u> and <u>______________<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>III. Feeding:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sponges are filter feeders: \u2013 eat primarily <u>______________<\/u>\n<ul>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> cells (<u>______________<\/u>) have <u>______________<\/u> which create a steady current of water through the pores (<u>______________<\/u>) and into the central cavity (<u>______________<\/u>)<\/li>\n<li>As water enters the sponge through the pores (ostia) it passes the <u>______________<\/u> cells (Choanocytes)<\/li>\n<li>Particles of food in the water are trapped by <u>______________<\/u> on the <u>______________<\/u> cells (Choanocytes)<\/li>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> cells (Choanocytes) engulf food and digest it<\/li>\n<li>Undigested food passes to the <u>______________<\/u> in the <u>______________<\/u><\/li>\n<li>The <u>______________<\/u> roam from <u>______________<\/u> cell to <u>______________<\/u> cell collecting nutrients and distributing it to other cells<\/li>\n<li>Water exits through a the large hole at the top of the sponge (<u>_________<\/u>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>DID YOU KNOW!!!: A four inch tall sponge that is half an inch in diameter can filter up to 30 gallons of water a day<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Respiration:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The water current flowing through the sponge delivers oxygen to the sponge cells.<\/li>\n<li>The cells take up the oxygen and release carbon dioxide through simple <u>______________<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Excretion:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The water current which flows through the sponge carries waste out of the top of the sponge (<u>______________<\/u>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Response:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Many sponges protect themselves by producing toxins<\/li>\n<li>That make them unpalatable or poisonous to potential predators<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>VII. Reproduction:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Asexual:\n<ul>\n<li><u>______________<\/u> &#8211; new sponge grows on parent then falls off to create a new animal<\/li>\n<li>Sponges can <u>______________<\/u> after being pulled apart<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Sexual\n<ul>\n<li>Eggs and sperm (<u>______________<\/u>) are released into the water<\/li>\n<li>Most species are <u>______________<\/u>&#8211; one individual possesses both eggs and sperm<\/li>\n<li>Eggs and sperm are released at different times to assure <u>______________<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>DID YOU KNOW!!!: Sponges are the only animals that if broken down to the level of their cells, can miraculously reassemble and resurrect themselves<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>VIII. Movement:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sponges are <u>______________<\/u> and do not move.<\/li>\n<li>However, during sexual reproduction the fertilized egg develops into a free-swimming <u>______________<\/u> larva. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 The larva attach to the bottom of the ocean and undergo <u>______________<\/u> to form the adult sponges<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Ecological Roles of Sponges:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Sponges help clean the water of the oceans<\/li>\n<li>They provide food, homes and shelter for other organisms<\/li>\n<li>They can form symbiotic relationships with algae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Biology 11 Mr Carmichael Name: ___________________________ Date: _________ Block: ___ &nbsp; &nbsp; The Invertebrates Text page 304 &nbsp; An invertebrate is any animal that lacks a ______________. Of the 36 animal phyla, only one phylum includes animals with backbones, the Vertebrates. This is the phylum ______________ which includes us humans. Approximately 95% of all animals [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":245,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/245"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=368"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":369,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368\/revisions\/369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.vsb.bc.ca\/mcarmichae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}