Note that sample a is before using wipe, and b is after using wipe

1 start of incubation

2. one day after incubation

3. two days after incubation

Also

Pelagic food chain diagram

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Generalised-pelagic-food-web_fig1_227290251

https://www.livescience.com/54242-protists.html

Basic Biology

https://basicbiology.net/micro/microorganisms/protists

University notes

http://www.appstate.edu/~neufeldhs/bio1102/lectures/lecture4.htm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zsdYOgTbOk

Kingdom Protistaa

Life in a pond

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-6dzU4gOJo

Deadliest being on Earth

Biology.

1.    any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its parts that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.

2.    a form or structure modified to fit a changed environment.

3.    the ability of a species to survive in a particular ecological niche, especially because of alterations of form or behavior brought about through natural selection.

4.    https://www.dictionary.com/browse/adaptation

Note that this can be a change in behaviour as well as structure. The big take home point is the ability to adapt allow the species to reproduce.

Law of superpostion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EadTLGMu3LI

Take home..just like your laundry pile, oldest is on the bottom and youngest is on top.

Where are we going?

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-evolution/hs-evolution-and-natural-selection/v/introduction-to-evolution-and-natural-selection

Evidence for evolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIEoO5KdPvg

Amoeba sisters present evolution (start of playlist)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VM9YxmULuo&list=PLlGavRTZEhd7Osi8lXiOsc_BCbrrrRJp-

BC’s own..Baba Brinkman

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hod20AzYB4o

Three sheets

http://calebwilkison.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/8/6/18869936/lab_-_evo_-_evolution_of_barbellus.pdf

Cladograms

https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Make-a-Cladogram/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouZ9zEkxGWg

Look at how structures could show a possible adaption.

So what two primary environments?

Note: Due to law of superposition, the youngest species has to be showing up last on your diagram.

Propose “the story of barbellus” by looking at changes with structures with time.

Consider the following:

Which species became extinct and why?

Which species may have moved to a new locations?

How do species structure give you clues as to which environment they may have adapted to?

Dominant and recessive traits

Compare a phylogram to a cladogram

https://spark.adobe.com/page/BVUbAFY6A51DG/

Dream big, think small

a)     Class outline

b)    What is on the quiz

c)     Gap notes and location of binder

d)    Do dichotomous key

Crash course on taxonomy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F38BmgPcZ_I

Human Classification

https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&client=safari&rls=en&sxsrf=ACYBGNQ-qjsL06CoAwffkv0hGjPf1bipfQ%3A1569275823826&ei=rz-JXYSGMs3k-gSC_7q4AQ&q=how+human+are+humans+taxonomical+classified&oq=how+human+are+humans+taxonomical+classified&gs_l=psy-ab.3…37131.39992..40485…0.2..0.155.979.9j3……0….1..gws-wiz…….0i71j35i304i39j33i10.XlXXWZOlJZM&ved=0ahUKEwjEmaKA-OfkAhVNsp4KHYK_DhcQ4dUDCAo&uact=5

Khan academy tree of life

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-evolution/hs-phylogeny/v/taxonomy-and-the-tree-of-life

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjvpVNNhj5A

Using a dichotomous key

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGSW8aFvr_Q

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxBQLFLei70

2: Learning outcomes for scientific method

3: Gap Notes

4: Alien dichotomous key

·      What is the correct order for taxa from least to most specific characteristics?

·      In the classification of human’s, the term is “homo sapiens”, what do the two words represent in regards to taxonomy?

·      Of the following words: kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus and species, which are closely related

·      If two organism’s have the same name in their binomial name, then they are in the same?

Can you define and give examples for:

·      Prokaryotic

·      Eukaryotic

·      Heterotrophic

·      Autotrophic

·      If an organism is unicellular and has no nucleus it could be classified as belonging to which kingdom?

·      If an organism is 15 microns in diameter, and has chloroplasts, which kingdom would it belong to?

·      Cell theory

·      Gene theory

·      Biogenesis theory

·      Evolutionary theory

·      How many definitions are there to describe evolution and what are they?

·      How could a vestigial structure be formed and why would snakes have hips?

·      Can you use specific examples to discuss homologous, analogous and vestigial structures?

·      What is the difference between and homologous and an analogous structures?

·      A wing of a bird and butterfly are what type of structures?

·      If the sequence of nitrogen bases in humans is similar to a chimpanzee, what kind of indirect evidence could this be?

·      If different species show similar traits to suit a specific environment, what type of evolution could this be?

·      What is punctuated equilibrium and what would be an example?

·      How is divergent evolution and natural selection linked to the population of finches in the Galopagos Islands?

·      What are the four bases found in DNA and which binds to the other?

·      What is different in RNA in reference to type of sugar, bases and structure when comparing it to DNA?

·      What are the three building blocks of DNA?

·      Can you label a drawing of DNA?

·      What is the order of flow of information regarding: proteins, genes, DNA and RNA?

·      Current definitions include what term and why did Darwin not include this idea in his theory?

·      Genetic pool

·      Gene flow

·      Mutations

·      Non random mating

·      Adaptive radiation

Last lessons Objective

Reference to Online notes

2.   DNA

3.   Protein Synthesis

o

Number One

Common mistakes on evaluations.

See reference file for prep for Test One

Number Two

DNA

Having a code

Evolution, mutations and melanin pigment.

Amoeba Sisters on DNA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_POdWsii7AI

Ameoba Sisters and DNA replication

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yG-gkgOokA

Create a comparative table to compare

a)  DNA verse RNA

b)  Replication verse making protein

c)   Transcription verse translation

Compares

·      Transcription to translation

·      Codon to anticodon

·      DNA verses RNA

·      Point mutations verses chromosome alterations

The idea of the “Gene” ( One gene to one protein model)

Link to gene flow, gene frequency and gene pool (topic for next class)

Number Three

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irrKFXCoi0A

Artificial Selection Rap

https://www.brainpickings.org/2013/06/14/the-rap-guide-to-evolution-baba-brinkman/

Theories can change with time and they are not facts.

To create a logically sound argument, it is wise to examine objective evidence that both supports and argues the premise that you are defending.

Do not go into a battle of wits with an unarmed opponent.

Evolution of blank

Gene pool

Genetic drift

Allele

Allele frequency

Hetero and homozygous

Phenotype

Genotype

Punnet square

A change in gene frequency in a population.

How do you find this out?

·      An allele is a letter to signify the presence or lack of presence of a trait.

·      Populations include a variety of traits. Some can be detrimental.

·      The HW equation can be used to predict the affect of frequency within a population.

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab8/hardwein.html

The sum of P and q always one to denote the complete population

P is a letter to denote having the trait.

Q is a letter to denote not having the trait.

·      Punnet squares show probability.

·      (P+Q) squared is

P (squared) +2PQ and Q(squared)

a)   format

b)   sample question

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35NTHrA3MVY

·      Vocab and numbers

“Germanna : Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium)

https://prezi.com/kqqm2wrjoy8l/population-genetics-practical-applications-of-hardy-weinberg-equation/

Online rf

https://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xPkOAnK20kw/maxresdefault.jpg&imgrefurl=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DxPkOAnK20kw&h=720&w=1280&tbnid=vvH4NUO13nXaBM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=231&usg=__5MDySOmlvG1F8gP-xkmLkvvk7Kc%3D&vet=10ahUKEwiCyr6N2c3XAhUK8GMKHZIxC14Q9QEILDAA..i&docid=zMAnML87Jh9z1M&client=safari&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiCyr6N2c3XAhUK8GMKHZIxC14Q9QEILDAA

https://78bbm3rv7ks4b6i8j3cuklc1-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/hardy-weinberg-equilibrium.pdf

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/her/heredity-and-genetics/v/hardy-weinberg

What are the five conditions that create HW in equilibrium?

If population is in equilibrium, will evolution be occurring?

How would allele frequency change if an allele is being favoured?

What would be the affect of changes in birth rate, migration,

How could HW Equation be linked to Sickle cell anemia

a)   plug and play

b)   problem solve with partners

c)    work with problem sheet

Change in gene frequency

How that occurred?

Integration curve with theory

Affect of population changes linked to HW

Last lessons Objectives

1.   Exam

2.   Taxonomy for class plants

3.   Media board assignments

b)   What is a cladogram?

c)    How to use fossil evidence as direct proof

Exam

Number One

Handed out or

http://faculty.montvilleschools.org/bhayes/biology/handouts/evolution_of_barbellus.pdf

Step one:

Organize by layer of rocks with oldest on the bottom.

Step two

Organize by similarity in structure. You can move the organism side ways but not up or down? Why?

Step three

Identify structures that look similar? For example: limbs, fins, eyes, segments in body and antenna. How would these structures be linked to environment the organism lives in?

Create cladogram with aquatic species on x axis and terrestrial

As seen via the internet

Basic ideas

·      Law of superposition

·      Adaptations

·      Using a cladogram

·      Extinction

·      Diverge and converge

Videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvC1rs7k8j8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSICRTjJae0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yz2z0cg0YDY

Number Two

http://study.com/academy/lesson/cladogram-definition-examples.html

Higher level interpretation from Yale

http://peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/what-cladogram

Videos

From Utah

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aEIvwqoIhI

Bozeman

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouZ9zEkxGWg

Understanding a phylogenetic tree

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVW8iIEfiZI&t=17s

Number Three

Preview to next class lab

a)   Isolation mechanisms

b)   Elephant lab

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jan/31/elephant-teeth-teach-about-evolution

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/mammoth-modern-elephant

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95RKsAR7SW8

Chapter 1 pg. 38-49

Class Notes

Chapter 2 Evidence of evolution

Class hand outs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtW9IyE04OQ

Last lessons Objective

Classification and Taxonomy

1.   Direct Evidence (Fossils)

2.   Indirect Evidence (4 types)

3.   Isolation Mechanism and Evolution

Number One

Question: What organism are these bones from?

Using a skeleton of a limb, how can we observe some evidence of an animals structure and function?

What structures are in the limb?

Refer to class notes posted at web blog.

Problems with fossils

Type of soil : Usually sandstone or limestone.

Types of fossils (3)

Petrified

Imprint

In resin

Type of material to fossilize ( hard verses soft)

Amount of fossil remains

Movement of fossils due to predation

Movement due to local geological or environmental   change

Movement due to earthquakes

Movement due to plate tetontics

BBC information on fossil records

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/common_systems/growthrev1.shtml

Sample of some problems with fossils

http://www.evolutionnews.org/2015/01/problem_5_abrup091141.html

How things work (Problems with fossils)

http://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-bones2.htm

Number Two

“Speaking English..were you in the boat when the boat sank…”

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

Morphology (Homologous and Analagous)

Biochemical similarities

Physiological similarities

How things work (proofs of evolution)

http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/biology-terms/evolution-info2.htm

Powerpoint on Indirect Evidence

borysndmath.weebly.com/…/5.3_indirect_evidence_of_evolution.ppt

Number Three

Case study of evolution of Horse from Chapter Two

Please note to start with time being the oldest evidence.

Plot line

Make best fit line

Calculate the slope of line

Make key for next class

Richard Dawkins and proof of evolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_LY-LZtJAs

Evidence of Evolution made easy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jw0MLJJJbqc

There are three constants in life..paradox, change and humour.

Find a bone called a Humerus, you will see evidence of change and proof of why bones can be called funny bones..