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SS 10 – Summaries of Events pg. 132-146

Please summarize the following events in your own words by using these prompts;

  • discussing who was involved,
  • what was the impact globally
  • finally what was Canada’s participation / reaction to the event ……..

Events that need to be summarized:

  1. Cold War
  2. Korean Conflict
  3. Suez Crisis
  4. Cuban Missile Crisis
  5. Vietnam War 

Please answer these questions related questions as well: Please provide a quick summary of each too

  1. Purpose of NATO and Canada’s role in it ? 
  2. Nuclear Issue in Canada, whats Canada’s stance at this time? 

Please create 5-10 sentences for each.

Due Date: Please post by April 5 @ 12:00 pm

24 comments to SS 10 – Summaries of Events pg. 132-146

  • Vivian Le

    1. cold war
    The cold war was the tension between the communist soviet union and its allies, and its capitalist and democratic us and its allies. The cold war was from 1945-1989. The cold war was between the US and Soviet Union but it effected other countries in its own way. Some examples are Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan. Countries were impacted badly by all the fighting. But in some countries the impact was positive, Canada was involved in the NATO (north atlantic treaty organization). Canada contributed in armed forces for peacekeeping operations in the world.
    2. korean conflict
    North Korea invaded South Korea. North Korea was a communist state supported by the USSR and communist China. While South Korea was supported by the US. Canada’s participation in this conflict was that they sent thousands of troops and three naval destroyers to korea. Canada’s Minister of External Affairs urged all sides to agree to a ceasefire.
    3. suez crisis
    A crisis in suez canal in Egypt. Britain, France and Israel attacked Egypt because they took over the canal. The US was angry that their allies took action without consulting with them first. Canadian public was divided. Some felt they had to protect Britain and some did not. Pearson proposed that a United Nations Emergency Force be sent to the Suez canal to separate the rival armies.
    4. cuban missile crisis
    Cuban rebels overthrew Us leader and the US was angry. They imposed trade and economic sanctions on Cuba. The US backed the anti-Castro cubans invasion and that made them turn to the USSR for help. The Americans won a game of nuclear chicken. The Us expected Canada to back them up but at first Diefenbaker refused to protect Canada’s independence but at the end Canadian troops were put on alert. it damaged the Canada-US relations.
    5. vietnam war
    North vietnam attacked south vietnam. North vietnam wanted south vietnam to be a communist country but south vietnam refused. The US supported south vietnam. US president withdrew their troops and south vietnam lost. They were unified under a communist rule. Anti-communist fled the country to hong kong or malaysia, where they went to Canada. Canada accepted thousands of them into our country.

    1. purpose of NATO and Canada’s role in it
    NATO was made for protecting each other when one was attacked. Canada was involved in NATO, along with fourteen other western countries. NATO was a mutual defence organization made for protecting them. Any attack on a member would be considered to be an attack on all. And if conventional weapons were insufficient they would use nuclear weapons.

    2. Nuclear issue in Canada, whats canada’s stance at this time.
    the cuban missile crisis caused canadians to question the US defence policy. Then Canada let the US install the Bomarc misslle but it wasn’t installed until a few years later to let Canadians have room to change their minds. The defence minister was for nuclear weapons. The minister of external affairs was against nuclear weapons. in 1963, during the election campaign the liberals agreed with having nuclear weapons but only under certain circumstances. Diefenbaker and the conservatives appealed to canadian nationalism, including canada’s right to decide for itself on international matters. the nuclear issue spilt the country in half.

  • Agelos Anstopulos

    Cold War:

    The Cold War began when there was belief that all governments would become communist or capitalist. Western Countries feared that communism would spread throughout their home front. The main countries involved were the USSR and it’s soviet-bloc countries and the USA, Canada, and its 14 western European allies. The impact globally was that the fear of communism, as it spread rapidly and many countries hated it. The USA for example, would prosecute, fire, and blacklist someone if they were suspected of being a communist. Canada’s reaction to the cold war was similar to the USA, they feared communism and did everything they could to prevent it from spreading.

    Korean Conflict

    The Korean Conflict was caused when World War 2 left Korea divided. The North was a communist state supported by the USSR and communist China. The south had a weak democracy supported by the USA. In 1950, war broke as North Korea attacked South Korea. The USA considered using a atomic bomb but luckily, calmer heads prevailed. Canada’s involved in the war was significant. They sent out thousands of troops, and three naval destroyers. Lester Pearson urged all sides to a ceasefire. Although it was reached in 1953, the war increased tensions between the west and the communist nations.

    Suez Crisis

    In 1956, a chance for Canada to take a leading role at the UN opened up. The Egyptian government took over the canal, this caused Israel to become frightened by Egypt’s aggression. Due to this, Israel, Britain, and France invaded Egypt. The Soviet Union, immediately offered missiles. Due to this, the USA was furious that France, Britain, and Israel didn’t consult them before the attack. Some Canadians felt that it was their duty to help Britain. While others refused to help, once again, Lester Pearson went to the UN to get a solution. He proposed that the UN Emergency Forces be sent to the Suez Canals, because of this, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

    Cuban Missile Crisis

    The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1959 when Fidel Castro and his rebels overthrew the pro-US leader in a revolution. The US reacted angrily by imposing trade and economic sanctions on Cuba. They also launched an invasion which failed miserably. Canada did not help the USA as they did not believe the photographs taken from the USA. Diefenbaker believed he was defending Canada independence, but 80% of Canadians felt he was wrong.

    Vietnam War:

    The Vietnam War was very similar to the Korean War as Vietnam was divided in two. The communist north, and democratic south. Many countries sent troops to help, especially the USA. Many questioned the US’s involvement in the war. Canada’s only support was accepting thousands of fleeing refugees.

    1. The purpose of NATO was to protect countries from a Soviet attack. One attack on a country would be treated as an attack on all member of NATO. They also agreed if conventional weapons weren’t enough, they would deploy nuclear weapons. Canada’s role to NATO was to keep a full army brigade and several air squadrons in Europe. It also build and supplied military bases overseas. Ships tracked movements of Soviet submarines. They also participated regularly in military exercises.

    2. Canada’s stance to nuclear missiles was that they were not sure if they should accept them into the country. The ruling conservative party was divided on the issue. The PM of external affairs felt that Canada should be a non-nuclear country. Alas, the defence minister felt that nuclear weapons were vital in protecting Canada against communist aggression.

  • Avash

    Cold War:
    cold war was fought between the superpowers, the communists USSR and the capitalists and democratic USA, which roughly lasted from 1945 to 1989. This wasn’t not any kind of all out war, but it was basically a competition for political power over the other parts of the worlds.even if they did argue or fight, it would be indirectly, giving military supports to fight war where also the other countries took part in. if they would’ve actually declared war on each other, it would have been nuclear annihilation.both the countries also formed an alliance to shield of each other just in case, U.S made NATO in which canada, britain and other western countries were allies while USSR formed warsaw pact with other communist Eastern part of europe.

    Korean Conflict:
    After the WWII, it left the nation divided because both parts had different allies. in the north were the communists who were supported by china and the USSR while the south had a fragile democracy backed by the US.in 1950, war broke out between the two divided nations. US tried to force the invaders out and canada too sent some thousands of troops to fend of the communists. later, at the UN, lester pearson urged both the sides to ceasefire. although this war was not much, this increased the tensions between the west and the communists.

    Suez Crisis:
    The suez canal, which provides the shortest route from Europe to the indian ocean, was owned by british and french investors. but the egypt’s president took over the canal on the behalf of the egyptian government. the british and the french were enraged and immediately sent troops to re-capture the canal. U.S. was angry at its allies not consulting them before the invasion and so didn’t attack but still threatened retaliation in any soviet involvement. But the canadian opinions were varied. the conservatives felt that it was their duty to support britain while the liberal prime minister denounced britain and france and didn’t agree to support them. again pearson proposed that a U.N. emergency force be sent to separate and mediate between the rivals and the U.N. agreed.

    Cuban missile Crisis:
    the Cuban rebels overthrown Cuba’s pro US leader in a revolution and replaces it with a communist government. U.S. reacts angrily and tries to invade Cuba. although it turned out to be a failure, it still encouraged the cubans to look elsewhere for support and by else where i mean the USSR. Next thing you know the US planes bring photographs of missiles getting installed by the USSR in Cuba. U.S president John Kennedy realized it would be a direct threat to the US and announce full naval and air blockade of Cuba.norad forces were all readied for war. initially, Nikita Khrushchev, the premier of USSR refused to take out the missiles. the world was at the brink of war. but at the last minute he agreed to dismantle the missiles in exchange for a promise than the U.S would leave the Cubans alone.

    Vietnam War:
    Similar to the korean war,Vietnam was divided in two parts: Communist North supported by the USSR and China and Democratic South supported by the U.S and its allies.initially the U.S. only gave them advices and economic support but later they started giving military support.the war almost lasted 15 years from 1961 to 1975.by 1966 there were almost 190000 us troops in Vietnam. by the late 60’s the vietnamese government were questioning their own involvement after seeing so many deaths and started holding anti-war rallies. U.S. disagreed. Later in 1968, the public learns that the U.S. had massacred women and children in the village of My Lai. Enraged by that the north goes on the offensive pushing US further back. The U.S. starts pulling out its troops and by 1973 the last of them are out, and not two years later the south vietnamese military gets crushed by the north.

    Purpose of NATO and Canada’s role in it:
    Nato was an alliance formed by the U.S. which aimed at protecting western countries from the threat of invasion by the communist soviet union. any attack at one of the NATO member was o be considered an attack at all. by joining NATO, Canada agreed to keep a full army brigade and several air squadrons in europe, her ships were to track soviet submarines and she had to learn to adapt its defense policy to those of its allies.

    Nuclear issue and Canada’s stance:
    After the cuban missile crisis, there was a debate about whether or not should canada accept nuclear weapons on its territory. at first they reluctantly agreed to it. the year that passed before it was actually installed allowed time for some second thoughts. the conservative minister of external affairs felt it would be hypocritical to accept nuclear weapons while trying to urge the U.N. in promoting world peace. but the defense minister thought that they would need strong weapons in order to protect Canada from Communist aggression. during the election campaign the liberals propose to accept nuclear warheads under certain conditions while the conservatives appealed to canadian nationalism.the liberal win the election and form the minority government.

  • Jarome

    Cold War
    It was a period of political tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. While not firing their nuclear weapons at each other, they fought for political influence in nations across the globe. Canada initially sided themselves with the US, building defenses, but later on, they questioned their defense and nuclear weapon policy along with their identity as a nation.

    Korean Conflict
    North Korea, a communist state backed by China and the USSR, invaded the democratic state of South Korea, who were backed by the US. A force of men sent in by the United Nations tried to make North Korea retreat, but failed. Canada sent in troops and ships to help the US in the war, then later on, Lester Pearson, Canada’s Minister of External Affairs, got all sides to agree to a ceasefire.

    Suez Crisis
    The Suez Canal was taken over by Egypt, who threatened to block Israel from using the canal. Israel saw this as aggression. Britain and France supported an Israeli invasion, angering the US, as they weren’t asked, but still would retaliated against the spread of communism. The USSR offered Egypt missiles and aid. Canadian conservatives felt that they should serve Britain and the US, but Prime Minister Lester Pearson did not listen, and instead organized the UN Emergency Force to diffuse the situation.

    Cuban Missile Crisis
    Anti-US Fidel Castro led rebels to overthrow the pro-US Cuban leader, which caused the US to impose trade sanctions on Cuba, and later fail an invasion on Cuba. Cuba asked Russia for assistance, who secretly built missile bases on there, which were revealed by photographs. The US created an air and sea blockade on Cuba, and later got Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to dismantle the missile bases, in exchange for the US not invading Cuba. Possibilities of nuclear war were at their highest at this time. Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker believed the missile bases were fake after sending people over to see. He didn’t want Canada to be involved in an American-centralized conflict. He also didn’t let America land their nuke-equipped planes in Canada, angering the US.

    Vietnam War
    North Vietnam, a communist state backed by China and the USSR, fought South Vietnam, a democratic/dictatorial state backed by the US. The US believed that if Vietnam fell to communism, many Asian states would follow. The war was able to be recorded, which let Americans see other men crippled or dead, so they questioned their involvement. Canada sold items to the US, benefiting from the war. Prime Minister Lester Pearson criticized the American Operation Rolling Thunder, a North Vietnam bombing campaign), enraging President Lyndon Johnson.

    Purpose of NATO and Canada’s role in it?
    The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a collection of North American and West European countries, formed to deter attacks on organization members. If one member of the organization was attacked, all members would work together to suppress the attacker. It was initially created to deter Soviet attacks on West Europe and North America.
    Canada plays a role in NATO, creating armies and air squadrons in Europe. Canada supplies their allies, and builds oversea bases, with troops training there. Before, Canada tracked Soviet submarines. However, Canada had to change their defense policies to those of its allies.

    Nuclear Issue in Canada, what’s Canada’s stance at this time?
    At the time, Canadians wondered if they should allow nuclear missiles on Canadian territory. They didn’t let America land planes equipped with nuclear weapons on their territory before. Some Canadians believed that they should allow nuclear weapons on their land for anti-communist defense, while others believed that nukes were “global suicide”. The Liberals wanted to accept nuclear weapons on their land, with certain conditions. The Conservatives, believing in Canadian nationalism, wanted Canada to decide for itself on international matters.

  • Alexander Nguyen

    The Cold War was when there was high tension between the Soviet Union(communist) and its allies and the United States(capitalist and democratic) and its allies. The global impact of the Cold War was that it affected almost all countries. Canada’s involvement in the Cold War was that they have join NATO and they helped supply troops in different places. Canada’s reaction to some events like the Cuban Missile Crisis was that they did not want to get involved in the war because they felt like it was major conflict for the U.S. and not them.

    The Korean Conflict was when North Korea tried to invade South Korea. The people involved in the Korean Conflict was North Korea, South Korea, USSR, communist China, the United States, Canada, and the United Nations. The impact globally was that the United States didn’t use the atomic bomb and the tensions between the communist countries and capitalist and democratic countries grew stronger. Canada’s participation in the Korean Conflict was that they urged both sides to ceasefire.

    The Suez was when Egypt took over the Suez Canal and Israel was frighted so the British and the French went in to help them. The people involved in the Suez Crisis was Egypt, Israel, The United States, The Soviet Union, Canada, Britain, France and the United Nations. The impact of this was that Britain and France got mad because Egypt took over the Suez Canal that belonged to them. Canada’s participation to the Suez Crisis was they got the United Nations Emergency Force to be sent to Suez to separate the rival enemies. At the end of the Suez Crisis Prime Minister Lester Pearson was award the Nobel Peace Prize.

    The Cuban Missile Crisis was when a Cuban rebel leader named Fidel Castro overthrew Cuba’s leader who was pro-U.S. and they United States were angry at decided to take action. The United States, Cuba, The USSR and the Soviets. The global impact was that the United States and the Soviet Union almost started a nuclear war but they made an agreement. Canada did not take part in the Cuban Missile Crisis because they did not want to be involved in a conflict that was mainly for The United States. The reaction to this event was that they didn’t put their NORAD forces on alert.

    The Vietnam War was a war between North and South Vietnam but the United States help South Vietnam because they thought if the south were to fall into communism other Asian states would fall into communism and the United States tried to prevent that by helping in the Vietnam War. The group of people/countries that were involved was North and South Vietnam, The United States, the USSR, and communist China. The United States did not win this war and eventually South Vietnam fell into communism. The impact after the war that it made a lot of people flee from Vietnam because they did not want to be communists. Canada’s part in this war was that they helped out with the outcome of the war, so their reaction to this was that they accepted thousands of people into Canada.

    The purpose of NATO during the Cold War was to protect Western Countries from an attack from the Soviet Union. NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. In this alliance there was The United States, Great Britain, Canada, and other Western European nations. Attack on one of the members of NATO meant that all members would get involved. Canada’s role in NATO was that they built and supplied military bases overseas and they also helped track movement of the Soviet Union using ships and aircrafts.

    After the Cuban Crisis got Canada thinking about nuclear weapons on their own territory. Eventually Canada accepted a nuclear weapon from the United States, but later on it made them question their decision on accepting the nuclear weapon. The minister of external affairs of Canada felt that Canada should be a non-nuclear nation and tried to get the United Nations to disarm it. On the other hand the defense minister felt it was vital to have a nuclear weapon to protect Canada against communist aggression. In the end Diefenbaker was defeated in the election and Canada felt it was right to accept a nuclear weapons under certain conditions.

  • Amita Virk

    Summary’s
    Cold War
    The cold war was from 1945 to 1989 when there was tension between the communist Soviet Union and its allies and the capitalist and democratic United States and its allies. the two superpowers did not fight a direct war between themselves. They both competed for political influence in other parts of the world to win.

    Korean Conflict
    World War 2 left the Asian country of Korea divided up. North (communist state) was supported by the USSR and communist China. In 1950 war broke out, North Korea tried to invade South Korea.

    Suez Crisis
    In 1956 crisis over Suez Canal, Egypt, gave Canada a chance to take a leading role at United Nations.

    Cuban Missile Crisis
    Cuban rebels under the leadership of Fidel Castro . US reacted angrily u imposing trade and economic sanctions on Cuba. US failed invasion on the islands by group of anti-Castro Cubans. Nikita Khrushchev first refused to remove the missiles, last minute, Nikita agreed to dismantle the missile bases in exchange for a promise that the United State would not invade Cuba.

    Vietnam War
    Was a major conflict in the Cold War. Vietnam was divided into two. this war was between North and South Vietnam.

    Questions
    1. The purpose of NATO was a new alliance aimed at protecting Western countries from the threat of invasion by the Soviet Union. It stands for – North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Canada’s role in this was basically commitment to the NATO. Canada made a serious commitment to the NATO., agreed to keep a full army bridge and several air squadrons in Europe, Canadian ships and aircraft tracked the movement of Soviet submarines.
    2. Canada had agreed to accept U.S. Bomarc missiles, which were capable of carrying nuclear war-heads . the minister of external affairs felt Canada should be a non-nuclear nation.

  • Karishma Kumar

    1) The Cold war was basically between the USA and the Soviet Union. The USA was capitalism, which means that everything is privately owned rather than the whole state. The Soviet Union was communist which means that everything is shared equally. They are very different, so the countries started spreading their beliefs which started the cold war. The two countries felt threatened by each other, NATO was made to keep peace but the world was divided by west and east. The Sviet union blocked all states in the USA for 45 years. There was a lot of nuclear weapons used but people realized it was global suicide. Eventually The Berlin wall was broken down and the Cold War was over.

    2) South Korea wanted a capitalism while North Korea wanted communist. North Korea with the Soviet Union invaded South Korea.The USA helped the South Korea a lot, it bought most of the weapons.After a while China joined the war and helped the north. The war ended with it doing little results.

    3) The Suez Canal was a canal that connected the Mediterranean river and the red river, it went through Egypt. The British and France got money for it even though it was in Egypt. Egypt took over the canal and Israel got frightened because Egypt was showing aggression. The Britain and France came and helped Israel. The Soviet Union helped Egypt out by offering missals. Many Canadian thought to help in this conflict to support Britain, Lester P. the prime minister went to the united Nation. The union Nation went to Suez Canal and solved the problem.

    4) Cuba rebelled against USA because of Fidel Castro and Usa got very angry, imposing trade and economic sanctions. USA tried to invade Cuba but it didn’t work, it encouraged Cuba so Cuba went to USSR for help. USA and Norad were going to war and were making planes w bombs. Soviet premier, Khrushichev agreed to leave missals alone if the USA wouldn’t invade Cuba. Canada said that they should go to Cuba and find actual facts because they did bot believe in USA’s pictures ( of nuclear bombs) Canada gov. didn’t want to get involved so didn’t send troops but USA and 80% oh Canadians got mad so they ended up sending troops but USA already felt betrayed.

    5) Vietnam was divided into 2 kind of like Korea but more controlling. USA wanted the south to to go communist and thought if they did then all the other Asian states would as well. USA kept sending troops to Vietnam ( to south) while the north got help from the USSR. At the end of the war a lot of Viet people left because of the bombing and some came to canada.

    1) The NATO was made between Europe and North America to keep world peace. They had to make something to balance the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. The NATO was canadas first alliance with USA , Britain and West Europe. It helped a lot at the cold war with many battles because the Soviet Union had so many alliances.

    2) The Cuban missile crisis caused debate about policy’s and nuclear weapon. Canada agreed to accept USA Bomarc missiles, they weren’t installed so it gave people to think about it. A lot of people agreed that nuclear bombs was global suicide and had a lot of protest. The minister of external affairs said no nuclear for Canada. Defense minister said it would protect Canada against communist aggression and plus there was a lot of anti nuclear moments. When there was a election the Librals wanted nuclear weapons but Conservatives said no to them. The country was split into two, the south was more of a dictatorship.

  • Shayan Shah

    Cold War:
    The Cold War was a period of high tension spanning from 1949-1989 between the two superpowers in the post world war era. The war was between capitalist and democratic United states and its allies against the communist Soviet Union and its allies. The two superpowers never fought directly between themselves because to do so would have resulted in global suicide, instead the two sides competed for political power. Both sides during the time formed military alliances in order to protect themselves against threats. Canada Joined the U.S. Great Britain , and other western European nations The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). whereas the Soviet Union and other eastern European countries established the Warsaw Pact.

    The Korean Conflict:
    The Korean conflict was a war that broken out when North Korea had invaded South Korea in 1950. WW2 had left the country of Korea divided. In the north was a communist state supported by the USSR and communist china .In the south was democracy backed by the United States. Canada contributed to the war by providing thousands of troops and 3 naval destroyers. Canada’s prime minister of the time Lester Pearson also urged all sides to a agree to a ceasefire.A ceasefire was eventually reached in 1953. The war had resulted in increased tensions between the West and the communist nations.

    Suez Crisis:
    The Suez canal was a sea route that provided the shortest route from Europe to the Indian Ocean. It was owned privately by British and French investors however in 1956 Egypt’s president took over the canal. This act had frightened the Israeli.Britain and France were willing to support the Israeli by means of an invasion. The soviet Union on the other hand had decided to support Egypt. Although the U.S. was outraged at its allies to act without consulting the U.S. itself, it to got involved in order to oppose any soviet involvement. Canada’s prime minister during the time of the crisis Lester Pearson had intentions for a solution. He asked that a United Nations Emergency Force be sent to the Suez canal to separate and mediate between the two rival armies. The united nations had agreed to Pearson’s proposal. Pearson had been awarded the Nobel prize for his efforts.

    Cuban Missile Crisis:
    The Cuban missile crisis was an event in 1959 when Fidel Castro and his followers overthrew Cuba’s pro-US leader.This left the U.S. furious,U.S. reacted angrily by imposing trade and economic sanctions on Cuba. The U.S. had also attempted an invasion, and although the invasion had been a failure it resulted in the Cubans turning to the soviet union for aid. Later in 1962 U.S. planes had been able to gather photographic evidence of the USSR installing nuclear missile bases in Cuba. This event had almost brought way to another war, however soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles if the U.S. agreed not to invade Cuba.Canada refused to take part in this crisis because many Canadians believed a nuclear war could result in global suicide.

    Vietnam War:
    The Vietnam war which spanned from 1961-75 was fought between the communist north Vietnam and the democratic south. Very similarly to Korea Vietnam had been divided in two, north and south. The south had been supported by the united states. The united states offered support because they believed that if all of Vietnam were to fall to communism other Asian countries would soon follow. Canada also supported the south of Vietnam by selling goods such as berets boots, and airplane engines.North Vietnam on the other had was supported by the USSR and communist China. Despite having the support of the united states the north prevailed and the south thus fell to communism. Many people fled during this time to escape communism, and Canada had excepted thousands of refugees with open arms.

    1.The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was a military alliance formed in 1949 aimed at protecting western countries from the threat of a Soviet invasion. An attack on any single NATO member would be treated as an attack on all members. Canada’s involvement in NATO consisted of Canada building and supplying military bases overseas as well as keeping several air squadrons in Europe.

    2.The Cuban missile crisis had lead way to a debate on weather Canada should allow for Nuclear Warheads on its soil. Initially Canada accepted nuclear weapons on its territory just as the U.S. had desired, however installing nuclear weapons takes a large sum of time, large enough for a change of mind.Many people were waking up and realizing what a Nuclear war would result in and, therefore were reluctant to accept the weapons. Under leadership of Liberal Leader Lester Pearson Canada would accept the nuclear weapons because many believed that refusing the united states would negatively interfere with trade and investment with the U.S.

  • Harveen Parmar

    1) The Cold War was between two superpowers which were the Soviet Union and the United States. They competed for political influence in other parts of the world, more towards the nations that were poorer and not that politically stable. This was called the Cold War because it did not turn into an open war. This lasted from 1949 to 1985.
    2) Korean conflict: World War II left the Asian country of Korea divided. In the north was a communist state, supported by the USSR and communist China. Whereas in the south, was a fragile democracy backed by the U.S. war broke out as North Korea tried to invade South Korea in 1950.
    3) The Suez Crisis: Egypt took over the canal, and because Egypt was showing aggression, threatening to bar ships to and from Israel, Israel was frightened. France and Britain helped Israel and the Soviet Union helped Egypt by offering financial aid along with missiles. Lester Pearson went to the United Nations to help with a solution. The United Nation went to the Suez Canal to solve the problem.
    4) The Cuban Missile Crisis: Cuban rebels overthrew Cuban’s pro-U.S. leader in a revolution in 1959. The U.S. was angered by this and imposed trade and economic sanctions on Cuba. In 1961, the U.S. backed an invasion of the island by anti-Castro Cubans. The invasion did not work out. However, it did encourage Cuba to turn to the USSR for support. U.S. forces and NORAD were readied for war. Soviet Premier, Nikita Kruschev agreed to dismantle the missile bases if the United States wouldn’t invade Cuba. The Canadian government did not want to get involved but Canadians thought they were wrong, so they did send troops, but the U.S. had already felt betrayed.
    5) The Vietnam War: Vietnam was divided into two. The north was communist-controlled. The United States supported the government in the south. Americans thought if the south fell to communism, then other Asian states would fall too. U.S. sent troops to the south in Vietnam, and the north got help from the USSR. A lot of Vietnamese people were accepted into Canada when they left because of the bombings.
    Questions:
    1) The purpose of NATO and Canada’s role in it: NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was Canada’s first alliance with the United States, West Europe and Britain. It was basically made to keep peace. Canada made commitment to NATO and kept a full army bridge.
    2) Nuclear issue and Canada’s stance: There was a debate about whether or not Canada should accept nuclear weapons or not on its territory after the Cuban Missile Crisis. Canada accepted it at first, but later on, Canada started questioning their decision. The minister of external affairs thought Canada should not accept nuclear weapons, but the defense minister thought they would need strong weapons to protect Canada from communist aggression. During the election, the liberals proposed that Canadian forces accept nuclear weapons under certain conditions. The conservatives appealed to Canadian nationalism, including Canada’s right to decide for itself on international matters. From all of this, the nuclear issue split the country. The liberals ended winning the election and formed the minority government.

  • Paulo Ambrocio

    Paulo Ambrocio

    Cold War: The Cold War had happened between 1945 to 1989. The conflict was fought between the communist USSR and the capitalists and democratic USA.The global impact that this war brought was the threat of nuclear annihilation to fighting countries and the world.Canada’s participation during this war was allowing the United States build missile stations on its soil.Canada’s reaction to this event was that it did not want to get involved in situation its indirectly involved in.

    Korean Conflict:The Korean conflict was a war between North Korea supported by the USSR and the communist China, against the south supported by the United States.The United States not allowing the north to invade the south,tried to force the attackers out and also requested Canada too sent some troops to fend of the communists. The Canadians later sending thousands of troops to the area to support the South Koreans.

    Suez Crisis:The suez canal, which provides the shortest route from Europe to the indian ocean, was owned by British and french investors.But the Egyptian president ignored the ownership and took control of the canal.The British and the french were enraged of the news and immediately sent troops to re-capture the canal.The United States were angered at its allies for not consulting with them before the invasion. The Canadian conservatives felt that it was their duty to support the British,while the liberals and the prime minister disagreed with the decisions of the British and the French and didn’t agree to support them. Once again pearson proposed that a U.N. emergency force should be sent to the canal.

    Cuban Missile Crisis: The Cuban Missile Crisis was a rebellion toward the Cuba’s pro US leader and replacing it with a communist government. The United States is furious about the event and wants to invade Cuba. The invasion was a failure. The communist Cubans look toward the USSR for help. The USSR helps them by installing missile stations throughout the nation.The United State captures photographs of the missile stations and call it a direct threat to the United States and announce full naval and air blockade to the Cubans.Nikita Khrushchev, the premier of USSR agreed with the United States that if they dismantle the missiles they will not attack Cuba.

    Vietnam War: The Vietnam war was a conflict between the rebel north and the government in the south. The war lasted from 1961 to 1975.The United States at first was giving advice and economic aid support but later on started giving them arms and troops.By 1966 there were almost 190000 us troops in Vietnam.In 1968, the public learns that the U.S. had massacred women and children in the village of My Lai.The U.S. starts pulling out its troops and by 1973 the last of them are out, and not two years later the south Vietnamese military gets crushed by the north.

    Purpose of NATO and Canada’s role in it?
    Nato was an alliance formed by the U.S. between the Britain,Canada and 10 western countries, and protecting each other from the threats of the communist countries. Canada joining NATO they were responsible for keeping a full army brigade and several air squadrons in Europe to protect the European countries that were in NATO.

    Nuclear issue and Canada’s stance: After the Cold War and the Cuban missile crisis there was tension about allowing nuclear missiles on Canadian Soil. At first Canada allowed the weapons to be installed. A year had passed before it was actually going to be installed and it allow for sometime for them to think about the matter. The conservative minister of external affairs felt it would be hypocritical to accept nuclear weapons while trying to urge the U.N. in promoting world peace. but the defence minister thought that they would need strong weapons in order to protect Canada from Communist aggression.

  • Sarfaraz

    1) The Cold War was when there was a problem between the Soviet Union communist and its allies and the United States and its allies. The global impact of the Cold War was that it affected most countries. The involvement of Canada was that the to join NATO and they helped supply troops.

    2) The Korean conflict was when north and South Korea tried to invade South Korea. The peopl who were involved in this was North Korea , USSR, China, South Korea, US, Canada, and united nation. The impact globally was that the tension between communist countries and capitalist and the democratic countries were stronger.

    3) The Suez crisis was when Egypt took over the Suez Canal and Israel was frightened by what happened and Britain and France were quick to support and Israel invasion. They landed troops in the Canal Zone. The Soviet Union immediately offered Egypt financial aid and missiles. The impact globally was that Egypt took over the Canal.

    4) The Cuban missile crisis was when a Cuban rebel leader named Fidel Castro overthrew Cuban leader who was pro- U.S. leader in revolution. The United States reacted angrily by importing trade and economic sanctions on Cuba. The united states invaded the island by a group of anti-Castro Cubans. The invasion was a failure Cuba turned to the USSR for support the USSR installed nuclear missiles bases in Cuba. Canada was not apart of the Cuban missiles crisis

    5) The Vietnam war was a major conflict in the Cold War. The War was between north and south Vietnam because United States felt that if the south fall to communism then other Asian states would fall one after another. The people that were involved was China, United States, USSR, north and South Korea. The United States didn’t win because south Vietnam fell to communism. The impact globally made a lot of people flee from Vietnam.

    6) The purpose of NATO during the Cold War was to protect western countries from and attack from the Soviet Union. NATO stands for North Atlantic treaty organization. The people involved were United States, Great Britain, Canada and other Western European nations. Canada role in NATO was that they built and supplied military uses oversea.

    7) aAfter the Cuban missile crisis got Canada thinking about nuclear weapons on their own territory. Canada accepted a nuclear weapon from United States but after they questioned accepting the nuclear weapon. The minister felt Canada should be a non nuclear nation but the defence minister thought it was good to have a nuclear weapon

  • Brandon Tran

    Cold War –
    After the end of World War II, the military strength between the Soviet Union and the United States grew stronger which made them both superpowers in the world. Tension was rising between the two countries as they were both so powerful they could inflict massive destruction on a global scale. This was a cold war because it did not erupt into an open war but instead focused on political influence in other parts of the world, with the Soviet Union it was a communist and under communism, no political opposition was tolerated and that affected the citizens of the Soviet Unions meanwhile in the U.S. , they were capitalist which meant citizens could oppose the government. Canada was involved in this when the United States decided to create a group called NATO that was aimed at protecting Western countries from the threat of an invasion from the Soviet Union. After hearing about NATO the Soviet Union felt threatened by it and decided to form the Warsaw Pact which was an alliance which was made up of Eastern European countries.

    Korean Conflict –
    World War II left Korea divided, in the north was a communist state that was supported by the Soviet Union as well as communist China. In south Korea it was a fragile democracy supported by the United States, this was an example of a political influence from the United States and Soviet Union which torn apart Korea. In 1950, North Korea tried to invade South Korea but luckily the U.N. force composed of Americans tried to force the invaders to retreat. This invasion involved America, Canada, and Korea. Canada participated by sending thousands of troops and three naval destroyers over to Korea. This war had increased tensions between the West and the communist nations.

    Suez Crisis –
    In 1956, there was a crisis concerning the Suez Canal that connected the Mediterranean and Red sea, and provided shortest sea route from Europe to the Indian Ocean which helped with shipping goods. Egypt’s president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, caused this crisis when he decided to take over the canal. When Egypt threatened Israel, Britain and France were quick to support and Israel invasion. The Soviet Union immediately offered to aid Egypt and missiles. Canadians were divided on this crisis, the Conservative Party wanted to support Britain whereas the Liberals criticized the British and French and refused to help Britain and France. Lester Pearson decided to propose that a force must be sent to resolve and mediate the rival between the armies. At the end, the Soviet Union gained another ally.

    Cuban Missile Crisis –
    The Cuban missile crisis was caused by the Cuban rebels under leadership of Fidel Castro, they also overthrew Cuba’s pro-U.S. leader in a revolution. This made the United States angry and they decided to force trade and economic penalties on Cuba. An invasion by the United States and a group of anti-Castro Cubans only encouraged Cuba to turn to the Soviet Union for support. U.S. photographs had shown that the Soviet Union were installing missiles in Cuba. The impact was that the U.S. were about to go head on with the Soviets until Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the missiles in exchange that they would leave Cuba alone. Election campaign of 1963, between the Liberals, under leadership of Lester Pearson and John Diefenbaker and his Conservatives (Liberals end up winning the election) was the first since 1911 to be fought over Canada-U.S. relations.

    Vietnam War –
    Vietnam, like Korea was also divided into two. The north was a communist and the south a government, the Americans felt that Vietnam was vital because if it were to fall to communism, other Asians states would fall with it. The United states offered military advice and economic support to the South Vietnamese but then sent troops later on. In 1965, U.S. President Lyndon Johnson was responsible for authorizing the bombing of North Vietnam, the USSR and communist China were also preparing by supplying weapons to help North Vietnam. This impacted the whole world as it was the first war to be recorded and put on to television. After watching the war on televisions the Americans questioned their involvement in the war. U.S. forces left South Vietnam in 1973, allowing North Vietnam to take control of South Vietnam. Canadian opinions were once again divided, some thought that Canada had benefited from the war while most people still saw communism as a threat to Western countries. Many Canadians were unsure if the peasants of Vietnam were better dead than a communist.

    Purpose of NATO and Canada’s role in it –
    The purpose of NATO was to protect the United States, Canada, Britain, and other Western European countries in the fear of an invasion from the Soviet Union. In 1949, Canada joins NATO and fully supports it by keeping a full army brigade and several air squadrons in Europe as well as supplying military bases overseas.

    Nuclear Issue in Canada, whats Canada’s stance at this time –
    This Cuban missile crisis caused a debate in Canada about accepting nuclear weapons in its territory. Canada had agreed to accept U.S. Bomarc missiles which were capable of carrying nuclear war-heads. After installations of the missiles, second thoughts began to raise among Canadians because they had realized that nuclear war had amounted in global suicide. The minister of external affairs thought Canada should be a nuclear free nation while the defence minister insisted that the nuclear weapons would be vital in protecting Canada against communists. This argument ended after the election campaign where Lester Pearson and the Liberals won and Canada accepted nuclear weapons under certain conditions. This nuclear issue showed the world the uncertainty in the minds of Canadians.

  • Nathan Macugay

    1) Cold War was the tension between United States and Soviet Union. These two countries became known as superpowers. These two superpowers never officially declared war on each other. Instead, they both competed for political influence in other parts of the world. Canada’s involvement in the war was that they joined the NATO, in which US and other European nations were allied.

    2) The Korean Conflict started when North Korean tried to invade South Korea. North Korea was a communist state and south was a democracy. Canada sent thousands of troops and three naval destroyers to participate on the side of United Nations.

    3) The Suez Canal was privately owned by British and French investors. When Egypt took over the canal and threatened to a bar ship to and from Israel from using the canal, Britain and France eventually support Israeli invasion. Lester Pearson, as Canada’s Minister of External Affairs, proposed to the United States for solution.

    4) The US reacted angrily to Fidel Castro who imposed trade and economic sanctions on Cuba. The US tried an invasion of the island by a group of anti-Castro Cubans but it was a failure. Soon, the USSR began installing missile bases in Cuba. US president Kennedy announced a naval and air blockade in Cuba to protect the US. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev agreed to dismilate the missile for a promise that the US would not invade Cuba.

    5). Vietnam War started when North Vietnam tried to invade South Vietnam. The North was communist and in the south was a democracy. US sent troops in Vietnam but at the same time the USSR supplied weapons to help the North Vietnam. Despite their superior weapons, US were unable to win the war.

    1. The NATO was form by US, Canada and ten Western countries. It was a new alliance aimed to protect western countries from the threat of invasion by the Soviet Onion. Canada’s role in Nato was to keep a full army brigade and several air squadrons in Europe.

    2. Canada’s agreed to accept US Bomarc missiles, which were capable of carrying nuclear war heads. Nuclear weapons are vital in protecting Canada against communist aggression.

  • Aman Mundi

    1) After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were the world’s strongest nations. They were called superpowers They fought a war of ideas called the Cold War. The Soviet Union was a communist country.

    2)Korean conflict, fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist Democratic People’s North Korea. The war began in 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea.

    3)A major international incident that arose in 1956 from the decision by Gamal A. Nasser of Egypt to nationalize the Suez Canal, which long had been controlled by Great Britain.

    4)A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba.

    5) The Vietnam War (1955–75) was a Cold War conflict pitting the U.S. and the remnants of the French colonial government in South Vietnam against the indigenous but communist Vietnamese independence movement

    1)The purpose of NATO during the Cold War was to protect Western Countries from an attack from the Soviet Union.Canada agreed to keep a full army brigade and several air squadrons in europe, her ships were to track soviet submarines and she had to learn to adapt its defense policy to those of its allies.

    2)The nuclear issue in Canada was because of the Cuban missile crisis about the policy and etc of nuclear weapons aslo canada agreed to accept USA Bomarc missiles. the minister thought that Canada should be a non-nuclear country

  • Joga Sandhu

    The cold war was a war battle fought without direct confrontation, but propaganda. The United States and the Soviet Union were superpowers because they were the two strongest nations. They would influence the countries around them with their beliefs. The U.S was a capital country while the Soviet Union was a communist country. They would spread their beliefs to other smaller countries. It was fought with no actual combat, hence the name the Cold War.

    Korea was divided between the North and the South. North Korea was communist and backed up by communist China and the Soviet Union. South Korea was a fragile democracy with the United States behind it. In 1950, North Korea tried to invade the South and take over. The U.N tried to force the invaders out, after the United States started to support South Korea Canada sent in 3 destroyers. Lester Pearson (Canada’s minister of external affairs) Urged sides to have a cease fire. A cease fire was reached in 1953.

    The Suez Crisis was over the Suez Canal. This canal was the shortest way from Europe to the Indian Ocean. Private British and French investors owned it, but in 1956 Egypt’s President Gamal Abdel Nasser took over the canal on behalf of the Egyptian government. This threatened Israel because Egypt threatened to bar Israeli ships in the canal. France and Britain were quick to support Israel in an invasion on Egypt. Doing this they ignored the U.N Security Council to cease hostilities. Canada stepped in and stop the battle under the command of Lester Pearson.

    The Pro-U.S government of Cuba was over taken by rebels under Fidel Castro. The U.S reacted angrily and commenced an invasion of Cuba with anti-Castro rebels. The invasion failed and this encouraged Fidel Castro to go to the Soviet Union for help. The United States had found photographs of Soviet nuclear missile bases in Cuba. This caused the U.S and NORAD to make a naval and air blockade of Cuba, they were ready for war. The Soviet Union and the United States were ready to go to nuclear war. They came to an agreement after a standoff. The U.S was to stay out of Cuban and Soviet affairs and they won’t build the missile bases in Cuba.

    The Vietnam War was fought within Vietnam between the North and the South. The U.S was supporting South Korea with only military advice and economic health, but by the 1960’s it was sending troops. The U.S thought if they lost Vietnam to the communists that the other surrounding countries would also fall to communism one by one. U.S president Lyndon Johnson started the bombing of North Vietnam and increased the number of troops in the South in 1966. Eventually South Korea fell to communism. Many people fled from Vietnam to refugee camps in Malaysia and Hong Kong. Thousands were accepted into Canada.

    The purpose of NATO was formed to protect western countries from communism and invasion from the Soviet Union. An attack on one member of NATO was considered an attack on all. Canada was heavily involved in NATO. Canada built and supplied military bases overseas.

    After the Cuban Missile Crisis Canada was debating if they should accept nuclear weapons or not. The Minister of External affairs felt that Canada should be a non-nuclear nation. The Defense Minister argued that they should have nuclear weapons against a communist attack. An election was held and the majority voted for nuclear weapons to be accepted in Canada.

  • Puneet Kambo

    1) The Cold war was between the USA, who were the capitalist, and the Soviet Union, who were the communist. They fought for their beliefs and views they had on political and economic systems. The cold war lasted from 1945 to 1989. It wasn’t a direct war between themselves. Canadians participated by fighting with the United Nations against the communist North Korean and Chinese forces supported by the soviets.

    2) The Korean conflict was between July 25 1950 – July 27 1953. This began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United nation with the United States came to help South Korea and china came to help North Korea as well as some assistance from the Soviet Union. the Cold War between Soviet Union and the United States, Korea split into two different regions and had separate governments. Canada’s participation in this war was that 26000 of them served the Koreans in the war as well as sent Canadian troops.

    3)The Suez Canal links the Mediterranean and red seas, and provides the shortest sea route from Europe to the Indian Ocean. A crisis occurred, in 1956, over the Suez Canal in Egypt which gave Canada a chance to take a leading role at the United Nations. Egypt took over the Suez Canal which frightened Israel because Egypt was showing too much aggression. The Britain and France came and helped Israel. The Soviet Union offered Egypt financial aid and missiles. Lester parson went to the united nations to try to work out a solution. Pearson proposed that the United Nations emergency force be sent to the Suez Canal to separate and mediate between the rival armies and the United Nations agreed.

    4) The Cuban rebels overthrown Cuba’s pro-US leader in a revolution. The U.S. reacts angrily and tries to invade Cuba. It encouraged Cuba so Cuba went to USSR for help. USA and NORAD were going to war and loading planes with bombs. Soviet premier, Khrushchev agreed to leave missals alone only if the USA would not invade Cuba. Canada did not take part in this because they did not want to be involved in a conflict.

    5)The Vietnam war was in 1955 to 1975 it was also known as the second indochina war it was the war against America the second indochina war was officially fought between north Vietnam and the government of south Vietnam. Canada’s contribution to this war was that they harboured 30,000 American draft dodgers and also volunteered to fight in Southeast Asia.

    1) The NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO’s mission is to protect the freedom of its members. Any attack on one NATO member was to be treated as an attack on all. They agreed that is necessary, they would use tactical nuclear weapons. They would also be prepared to wage total nuclear war.

    2) The Cuban missile crisis caused a debate about Canada’s policies and nuclear weapons. Canada agreed to accept U.S. bomarc missiles, which were capable of carrying nuclear warheads.in 1963, ruling conservative party was divided on the issue and minister of external affairs felt that Canada should be a non-nuclear nation. However, the defence minister insisted to have a nuclear weapon to protect Canada against communist aggression. At the end Canada accepted nuclear weapons under certain conditions.

  • Jamina Sawal

    Cold war:
    The cold war began when the United States (capitalists) and the Soviet Union (communists) made up what was called, the superpowers. Each capable of mass destruction. As these two nations had the power of destructive capability, the two superpowers did not fight a direct war between themselves, if so, it would have meant nuclear annihilation. The rivalry between the two superpowers was called the “cold war” because physical war never erupted. In case the war were to happen both made alliances. The U.S made NATO in which Canada, joined along with Britain and other western countries, and the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact.

    Korean Conflict:
    World War II left the country of Korea divided. Up North Korea was a communist state, supported by the USSR, and the communist china. Down in the south, it was a fragile democracy supported by the United States. In 1950, N.K decided to invade S.K. As this was happening Canada sent thousands of troops and 3 naval destroyers to Korea. At a United Nations meeting Canada’s minister of external affairs, urged all sides to cease fire.

    Suez Crisis:
    The Suez Crisis was when Egypt took over the Suez Canal and Israel was dismayed, so the British and the French went in to assist them. The people who were involved in the Suez Crisis were Egypt, Israel, The United States, The Soviet Union, Canada, Britain, France and, the United Nations. The impact of this was that, Britain and France became displeased because Egypt took the Suez Canal that belonged to them. Canada’s participation to the Suez Crisis was, they got the United Nations Emergency Force to be sent to Suez to separate the rival enemies. At the end of the Suez Crisis Prime Minister Lester Pearson was award the Nobel Peace Prize.

    Cuban Missile Crisis:
    In 1959, Cuban rebels under the influence of Fidel Castro, overthrew Cuba’s pro U.S. leader in a revolution. The United States reacted affronted by imposing trade and economic sanctions in Cuba. The United States tried to invade Cuba, but failed. This invasion encouraged the Cubans to look for support, so they turned to the USSR. One year had passed and U.S planes showed photographs that the USSR was planting offensive nuclear missiles in Cuba. The Cuban missile crisis caused a debate about Canada’s defense policy and the country’s stand on nuclear weapons. The world was on the brink of war.

    Vietnam War:
    Like Korea, Vietnam was divided into two. The north was communist controlled, and the south was more of a dictatorship than a democracy, but the south was supported by the United States. The United States did not win this war, and eventually South Vietnam fell into communism. The impact after the war was that it made a lot of people flee from Vietnam because they did not want to be controlled by a communist nation. Canada’s part in this war, helped out with the outcome of the war, so their personal outcomes to this was, they accepted refugees from Vietnam who fled their home country.

    1) NATO was an alliance made by the United States, to protect Canada, Britain, and western countries. An attack on one of these countries, was considered an attack on all. By Canada being in this alliance, this meant they had to contribute to war, such as supplies.
    2) After Cuban missile crisis, there was a debate on whether Canada should keep nuclear weapons on its land. The minister of external affairs of Canada felt that Canada should be a non-nuclear nation. On the other hand the defense minister felt it was vital to have a nuclear weapon to protect Canada against communist aggression. In the end Diefenbaker was beat in an election, and Canada accepted nuclear weapons on its land accepting some terms and agreements.

  • Priya Bagri 1-1

    1. Cold War
    The Cold War was a rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States that lasted for over forty years. The two superpowers had such immense power that they couldn’t have a direct war because it would cause nuclear annihilation. They disagreed on political and economic beliefs since the U.S. (and most western countries) was a capitalist country and the Soviet Union was communist run. Western countries were suspicious of communism and feared the Soviet Union aimed overthrow the western societies. The western countries took over western Europe and established capitalist governments there. They formed an alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Soviet Union was suspicious its previous allies. They believed that the western countries might try to invade the Soviet Union through western Europe (Particularly East Germany). The Soviets took over the countries of Eastern Europe and established communist governments there. They formed an alliance called the Warsaw Pact. Canada took a place in getting rid of communists and anyone accused of communism in Canada. Canadian leaders such as Lester Pearson fought for peace. Canadian forces participated regularly in military exercises with Canada’s allies.

    2. Korean Conflict
    World War II left Korea divided. Northern Korea was in a communist state. It was supported by the USSR and communist China. Southern Korea was a fragile democracy supported by the USA. In 1950 war between them both as North Korea tried to invade South Korea. A United Nations force, mainly Americans, tried to push the North Korean invaders to retreat. Canada sent thousands of troops and three naval destroyers to Korea as well to help the American forces. Lester Pearson, Canada’s Minister of External Affairs, tried to bring peace to the situation by suggesting a ceasefire. A ceasefire was reached in 1953 but tension had increased between the western countries and the eastern communist nations.

    3. Suez Crisis
    The Suez Canal is a canal that links the Mediterranean and Res seas that was built in the late 1800s. It was privately owned by British and French investors. It provides the shortest sea route from Europe to the Indian ocean. In 1956, Egypt’s president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, took over the canal. Israel was frightened by what it saw as Egypt’s aggression. Egypt threatened to bar ships from Israel from using the canal. Britain and France supported Israel and ignoring the UN, landed troops in the canal zone. The Soviet Union offered Egypt financial aid. Two sides were plainly seen. The United States threatened the retaliation against any Soviet involvement already mad that its allies didn’t consult them before attacking Egypt. Canada had open opinions on the crisis. The conservative party felt as they needed to support Britain but the Liberals refused to support them like the U.S. Lester Pearson went to the UN to try to work towards a solution as he did. Pearson proposed that the UN emergency forces be sent to Egypt to mediate the rivals. The UN agreed and the Canadian general earned a Nobel Peace Prize for this act.

    4. Cuban Missile Crisis
    Under the influence of Fidel Castro, Cuban rebels overthrew the pro-U.S. government in Cuba in a revolution. The United States reacted with imposing trade and economic sanctions on Cuba. They were to invade Cuba in 1961. The invasion was a failure. It encouraged Cuba to turn to the USSR for support. The USSR was installing offensive nuclear missile bases in Cuba. Missiles launched from their bases in Cuba were a direct threat to the U.S. forces. They were ready though with NORAD loaded with bombs and constantly in the air. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev refused to move the bombs until the last second. She agreed to dismantle the bombs for a promise that the U.S. would not invade Cuba. Prime Minister John Diefenbaker didn’t believe in the missiles in Cuba at first. He was reluctant to have Canada drawn into a major conflict. He believed he was defending Canadas independence but 80% of Canadians believed he was wrong. Eventually he put Canadian troops on alert.

    5. Vietnam War
    Vietnam was divided in two just like Korea. The North was communist and the south was more of a dictatorship than a democracy. Again, the Southern part of the country was supported by the United States. The U.S. feared that the Northern part of the country was to take over the South and soon make all of the Asian countries communist countries. At first, they only offered military help and advice but then soon later they sent troops in the 1960s. U.S. president Lyndon Johnson increased the U.S. troops and authorized the bombing of North Vietnam. By 1966 there were near 190 000 American troops in Vietnam. The USSR and communist China supplied weapons to help North Vietnam. This was the first war to be recorded by television and it shocked people. More and more Americans were watching the war unfold and more and more were against their governments actions. In 1968 the public learned that the U.S. soldiers had massacred innocent women and children. North Vietnamese launched the Tet Offensive, simultaneously attacking cities in South Vietnam. The USA couldn’t win this war. President Richard Nixon ordered troops out of Vietnam. Canadians were divided at first. Some benefited from the war by selling goods and suck to the U.S. Defense Department. Prime Minister Pearson shared the growing doubts about the war. He criticized the U.S. bombing campaign outraging the U.S. president.

    1. Purpose of NATO and Canada’s role:
    The purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was to protect the western countries. It was an alliance consisting of the United States, Canada, Britain, and other western countries. Any attack on one NATO member was to be treated as an attack on all. Conventional weapons were not sufficient

    2. Nuclear Issue in Canada, what’s Canada’s stance at this time?
    The Cuban Missile Crisis caused Canada to be divided on an issue, if Canada should accept nuclear weapons on its soil. Canada had agreed to accept U.S. Bomarc missiles but they weren’t installed for many years later. People started to realize that nuclear war could amount from this. The Conservative Party in 1963 felt that they should not accept Nuclear weapons under Prime Minister John Diefenbaker. The Conservative defence minister however, felt that we should support the United States and that nuclear weapons were vital in protecting Canada against communism. The Liberal party of Canada with leader, Lester Pearson, proposed that Canadian forces accept nuclear weapons. The Conservatives with Prime Minister Diefenbaker did not agree. Diefenbaker’s anti-Americanism hurt many people’s feelings resulting in a Liberal election win in 1963.

  • Julius Ambos

    1) Cold War
    After world war 2, cold war began in Europe with the battle of 2 superpowers. It is the military power of U.S. and Soviet Union. The war was fought politicaly between capitalism and communism. Capitalists created NATO to fight communism and it threatened Soviet Union so they created Warsaw Pact to protect them from attacks.

    2) Korean Conflict
    World war 2 left Asian country or korea divided. In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea to become a communist country. With the help of U.S. To keep the South from preventing to become a communist country, South Korea fought back. Canada urged all sides to ceasefire because U.S. considered using atomic bombs. The ceasefire lasted in 1953, and war increased tensions between west and communist nation.

    3) Suez Crisis
    In 1956, Egypt gave Canada a chance to take a leading role at the United Nations. Egypt”s president took over the canal and frightened Israel. Britain and France supported Israel invasion ignoring the United Nation Security Council Resolution. Soviet Union offered help but hen U.S. got angry because they were not consulted in the attack of Egypt. Canadian then took their part and later on, Lester Pearson was awarded the Noble Price.

    4) Cuban Missle Crisis
    In 1959, Fidel Castro overthrew Cuba’s pro U.S. leader in a revolution and U.S. backed an invasion. Cuba was encouraged to accept the help of USSR. In 1962, Kennedy took the action but Nikita refused to remove the missle. In the last minute, Nikita negotiated for an exchange that Cuba wont be invaded and the Americans had won a game of “nuclear chicken”

    5) Vietnam War
    Like Korea, Vietnam was divided into 2. The north was communist controled and the south was government. In this moment, Americans felt that if south would fall into communism, then other asian states would fall. U.S. sent many reinforcements and many died during the war. In the end, North Vietnamese offensive crushed the south and many residents fled to other countre becuase it became a communist country.

    1)NATO
    In 1949, Canada joined NATO. NATO is a military power that aims to use nuclear weapons to protect its allies. Canada commited to keep a full army brigade. Canada”s role was to participate in any war in NATO.Canada has to adopt too their defence policy to the allies. NATO means North Atlantic Traty Organization and it was great to have this organization in a time where invasion or defense was being held.

    2) Nuclear Issue
    Debates was all over Canada when the topic was about its defence policy and its stand on nuclear weapons. Many might have realized that nuclear war was like a global suicide, still nuclear weapon was accepted by the Canadian forces under certain conditions. The nuclear issue split the country and reflected uncertainty in the minds of Canadians because the minister of external affairs felt Canada should be a non nuclear nation.

  • Gursimran

    Gursimran Phangura Block 1-1

    Cold War

    The Cold War was tension between the powers of eastern bloc which was the soviet union and its satellite states and in the western which was the United States and NATO allies after world war 2 between 1947- 1991. Canadians participated by fighting with the United Nations against the communist North Korean and Chinese forces supported by the soviets.

    Korean conflict

    The Korean conflict was between July 25 1950 – July 27 1953. This began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United nation with the United States came to help South Korea and china came to help North Korea as well as some assistance from the Soviet Union. As the product of the Cold War between Soviet Union and the United States Korea split Intro 2 diffent regions as well as had separate governments. Canada’s participation in this war was that 26000 of them served the Koreans in the war as well as sent Canadian troops.

    The suez crisis

    The Suez Crisis links the Mediterranean and red seas, and provides the shortest sea route from Europe to the Indian Ocean. A crisis had occurred in 1956, over the Suez Canal in Egypt which had given Canada a chance to take a leading role at the United Nations. Egypt took over the Suez Canal which had scared Israel because Egypt was showing too much aggression. Britain and France came to help Israel. The Soviet Union offered Egypt financial aid and missiles. Lester parson went to the united nations to try to work out a solution. Pearson proposed that the United Nations emergency force be sent to the Suez Canal to separate and mediate between the rival armies and the United Nations agreed.

    The Vietnam war

    The Vietnam war was during nov 1 1955 to April 30 1975 it was also known as the second indochina war it was the war against America. The second indochina war was officially fought between north Vietnam and the government of south Vietnam. Canada’s contribution to this war was that they harboured 30,000 American draft dodgers and also volunteered to fight in Southeast Asia.

    The Cuban missile crisis

    The Cuban overthrown Cuba’s pro-US leader in a revolution. The U.S. reacted angrily and tried to invade Cuba. It encouraged Cuba so Cuba went to USSR for help. USA and NORAD were going to war and loading planes with bombs. Soviet premier, Khrushchev agreed to leave the missals alone only if the USA would not invade Cuba. Canada had no taken a part in this because they did not want to be involved in a conflict

    1) The purpose and role of the NATO and Canada’s role in it was firstly, NATO stands for the North Atlantic treaty organization it is to protect freedom of them members. Any attack on them was treated as and act on all. They thought it was necessary to use tactical nuclear weapons.

    2) The Cuban missile crisis had caused a debate about Canada’s policies and nuclear weapons. Canada had agreed to accept the U.S. bomarc missiles which was capable of carrying the nuclear warheads.Canada had accepted the nuclear weapons under certain conditions at the end. in 1963 the ruling conservative party was divided of the issue and minister of external affairs they felt that canada should be a non-nuclear nation. The defense minister insisted to have an nuclear weapon to protect Canada against the communist aggression.

  • Ledoan Dang

    Cold War:
    The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR. It wasn’t a direct war between the two superpowers, but more of one country trying to take political control over other countries, since the USSR was communist while the US was capitalist. Though Canada didn’t have much participation in the Cold War, we did supply troops and joined NATO.

    Korean Conflict:
    North Korea was a communist state backed by the USSR and communist China, and South Korea was a fragile democracy supported by the United States. In 1950 North Korea tried to invade South Korea but a U.N. force tried to get the invaders to retreat. Canada sent thousands of troops and three naval destroyers to Korea. Even though a ceasefire was reached in 1953, tension increased between the West and the communist countries.

    Suez Crisis:
    The Suez Canal linked the Mediterranean and Red seas. It was privately owned by British and French investors but the Egyptian government took over it. Israel saw this as aggression and got scared, Britain and France were quick to support an Israeli invasion while the Soviet Union shortly offered Egypt financial aid and missiles. The US was angered to find out that their allies attacked without consulting them. On the other hand, Canada was divided about the whole situation. The Conservative Party and many other Canadians thought it was an obligation to help Britain. Liberal Prime Minister Laurent denounced Britain and France and denied to help like the US. Lester Pearson proposed a solution to the UN and in the end he got a Nobel Peace Prize.

    Cuban Missile Crisis:
    Cuban rebels overthrew a pro-U.S. leader in a revolution and the US reacted angrily. The US backed an invasion of the island and even though it was a failure, this sent Cuba to turn to the USSR for support. The USSR installed nuclear bases in Cuba and US planes took photos showing this. The missiles that the USSR installed were a direct threat to US security. The US took precautions and had a naval and air blockade of Cuba. At first, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev refused to remove the missiles and the US was on full alert. At the last minute the USSR said they would dismantle the missiles only if the US didn’t invade Cuba. During this situation, the United States thought Canada would back them, instead, Diefenbaker questioned the pictures and preferred that the US send a fact-finding mission to Cuba. Eventually Diefenbaker did put Canadian troops on alert but the relationship between Canada and the United States had already been damaged.

    Vietnam War:
    Vietnam, like Korea, was split into two. North Vietnam was communist controlled and South Vietnam was more of a dictatorship, but supported by the US. The United States felt that if
    South Vietnam fell under communist control, then other Asian states would too. The US sent 190,000 troops to South Vietnam and The USSR and China sent weapons and troops as well. In the end, South Vietnam did get get defeated and turned into a communist state. Many people left because they didn’t want to be communists and Canada’s response was to accept those people into the country.

    1) NATO, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, included Canada, United States and other Western countries. If there was an attack on a NATO member, it was to be treated like an attack on all. Canada’s role in NATO was to keep a full army brigade and several air squadrons in Europe. It also built and supplied military bases overseas. Canadian ships and aircrafts tracked movements of Soviet submarines. Canada also had to change its defence policy to those of its allies.

    2) The Cuban Missile Crisis caused a debate about the defence policy and the country’s stand on nuclear weapons to spread across Canada and its citizens. Canada agreed to accept US Bomarc missiles but it took a few years to install which let time for Canada to rethink. The minister of external affairs felt Canada should be non-nuclear, while the defence minister thought that nuclear weapons were vital to defending Canada. An anti-nuclear movement was spreading among ordinary citizens. In the 1963 election campaign, the liberals proposed that Canada accept the nuclear weapons but under certain regulations. Diefenbaker was beat in the elections and the Liberals formed a minority government.

  • Kemuel Baolong

    1)the Cold War: it was between the u.s. and the USSR. It resulted in nuclear bombings and the use of missile on their cities. A defence plan as developed by the federal government. Drills were used as warn people. the fear of the nuclear WWII was very real. Mass distraction prevented al all-out war between the superpowers.

    2)Korean conflict: both sides had allies in the developing world. WWII left the Asia country of Korea divided. the north was supported by the USSR and the communist China. the south was backed by the United state. In 1950, war broke out as north Korea tried to invade South Korea. A U.N. forces tried to force invaders to retreat. U.S. and Canada supported by sending troops and three naval destroyers to Korea. Lester Pearson urged all sides to agree to a ceasefire. at one point, the U.S. considered using atomic bomb, but calmer heads prevailed. in 1953, war had increased tensions between the west and the communist nation.

    3)the Suez Crisis: in 1956, a crisis over the Suez Canal gave Canada a chance to take a leading role to the United Nations. in 1956, Egypt’s president Gamal Abdel Nasser, on behalf of the Egypt government took over the canal. Egypt threatened to bar ships to and from Israel from using the canal. the u.s. was angry with its allies because they had not consulted the u.s. government before attacking Egypt. US threatens retaliation against any soviet involvement. u.s. emergency force was sent to the Suez Canal to separate and mediate between the rival enemies Canadian general was chosen from countries not directly involved with the conflict. he was now the awarded the noble prize.

    4)the cuban missile: in 1959, cuban rebels under the leadership of Fidel Castro overthrew Cuba’s pro-U.S. leader on the revolution. in 1961, U.S. backed and invasion of the island by a group of anti-Castro cubans. in October 1962, U.S. planes took photographs showing the USSR was installing offensive nuclear missile bases in cuba. president Kennedy announced a naval and air blockade of Cuba. while the soviet and u.s. was at full alert, Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the missile basses in exchange for a promise that the US would not invade Cuba. Diefenbaker put Canadian troops on alert but damaged to Canada-US relations had already been done

    5)The Vietnam war: it was a major conflict in the Cold War. Vietnam was divided in two. the south was supported by the united states. in 1965, US president Lyndon Johnson increased the number of US troops and authorized the bombingof North Vietnam. Vietnam was the first war recored by televisions. Anti-war protester were held across the country.in 1968, the public learned that us soldiers had massacred women and children in. the village of Lai. north Vietnamese then launched the Tet offensive. in 1969, Richard Nixon pledging to pull US troops out of Southeast Asia. After two years North crushed South Vietnamese army. Many Anti- communist Vietnamese Fled their country. thousands were accepted into Canada.

  • Socorro Biacora

    SS10 (1-2)
    Cold war is a rivalry between two superpowers, who are capable of causing massive destruction. The soviet union a communist and united states a capitalist government are the example. However it did not erupt into a war,Because of the rivalry of this countries their allies were also involved.The allied of U.S are Canada, Britain and other western European nation, this group is called NATO. While the USSR established their own allies with Eastern countries, and called the Warsaw Pact.

    Korea was left divided after the world war II, North being the communist state and while the South is a democracy. North Korea was supported by other communist country, China and USSR and South Korea was supported by United State. North Korea tried to invade South in 1950, many american and canadian troops, with 3 naval destroyers were sent to korea. After 3 years, all sides agreed to a ceasefire but war is still on going as of today. The war had Increased its tension between the West and the communist nations.

    Suez canal in Egypt, was built in 1800s and owned by the British and French investors. Suez canal is a link between the Mediterranean and Red seas, that provide short sea route from Europe to Indian Ocean. In 1956, President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt took over the canal on behalf of Egyptian government. The neighboring country of Egypt, the Israel, was frightened by its aggression. Egypt threatens Israel to bar ship by using the canal. Britain and France supported Israel of Egypt invasion and ignored U.N. While U.S did not like the action of its allies, Britain and France, because they did not consulted them before attacking. This Suez crisis made Canada’s public opinion divided. Other canadian felt that it’s their duty to support britain, while other refused support them.

    In 1959, Cuban rebels under the leadership of Fidel Castro. It was to overthrow the Pro-Cuba’s U.S. leader of revolution. U.S. reacted angry and imposed the trade and economy transactions. President Kennedy announced naval and air blockade to Cuba. U.S and the NORAD prepared for a war. Soviet premier Nikita khrushchev agreed to take off the missile in order for a promise of US not invading Cuba

    Vietnam War was also divided into two parts just like Korea. North is controlled by a communist and south is more a dictatorship than a democracy. This war was the first to be recorded by television cameras so the world will see what’s happening inside the country. American watched the bombing of the vietnamese villages. Even with the help of the U.S. and its powerful weapons they were not able to win. Vietnam, a country that had many wars, was unified by communist party. Many anti communist party flied their county and went to refugee camps, Malaysia, Hong Kong and in Canada where they were accepted openly.

    1 NATO or North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliances between Canada, United States, and other Western European nations. Each have the same role of supporting each other if there were any attack on one member.

    2 Cuban missile crisis cause debate to Canada, whether should Canada accept Nuclear weapons. The Nuclear issue reflected uncertainty in the minds of the Canadians. Canada did agree to US Bomarc missiles, but they had a second thoughts before the missiles are installed. Many Canadian realize that the Nuclear war was a way of global suicide and should stay non-nuclear nation. But the defence minister insisted that nuclear weapons were vital in protecting the country against Communist.

  • Anonymous

    1. The Cold War:

    The Cold War was an Indirect War between Soviet Russia (USSR) and The United States. Communism vs Capitalism, They fought in small proxy wars due to the growth of weapons of mass destruction. Canada’s participation of the Cold War was that of joining The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Many countries were affected by the Cold War through the influence of world affairs. Some countries such as Vietnam, Korea and Afghanistan had wars erupt inside their own country.

    2. Korean Conflict:
    Korea was essentially split into two different parts, the North and the South. North Korea operated on Communism and relied on Soviet and Communist China assistance while the South was a Democratic state aided by the US. The Korean Conflict is also the first war which involved the United Nations (UN). The war affected countries such as the States and Japan by boosting their economies. South Korea was able to modernize with help from the US. On the other hand, North Korea’s economy diminished after the conflict.

    3. Suez Crisis:
    The conflict occurred on October 29th, 1956. Egypt had taken over and nationalized the Suez Canal, making British, French and Israeli forces to invade the canal despite UN Council resolutions. The United Nations sent Peacekeeping forces to stop the fight in the Suez as suggested by Prime Minister Lester Pearson. He later received the Nobel Peace Prize for diffusing the situation.

    4. Cuban Missile Crisis:
    Led by Fidel Castro in 1959, Cuban rebels overthrew a pro-US leader. The Untied States planned to attack invade Cuba and this eventually had Cuba turn to the USSR for support against the invasion by the US. Under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev, Russia had installed nuclear missile bases in Cuba. Upon seeing this, President John Kennedy put Naval blockades to warn that the US was prepared to use military force. An agreement was later made by Nikita Khrushchev that the USSR will remove the missile bases in exchange that the States will not invade Cuba.

    5. Vietnam War
    Vietnam was split into two just like Korea. The North operated through Communism and the South a dictatorship backed by the United States. Fearing that Southern Vietnam would fall to the North, the States sent their forces to the South to defend from any Northern attack. Russia and China responded by sending their own troops and weapons. The US later withdrew from South Vietnam and then eventually defeated by the North.

    1). NATO
    The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded in April 4, 1949. Twelve countries were part of the founding of NATO: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1952, Greece and Turkey became members of the Alliance, joined later by West Germany (in 1955) and Spain (in 1982). it’s main purpose was to protect each other from The Soviet Union and Communism. Canada had the role of keeping Air squadrons and army brigades stationed in Europe and use recon missions to keep track of Soviet movements.

    2). Nuclear Issue In Canada
    The Nuclear issue in Canada discussed the matter of Canada accepting nuclear weapons. Canada found it hypocritical to take nuclear weapons when it established itself as a non-nuclear nation. Diefenbaker’s Government rejected the idea of taking nuclear missiles.

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